Harnessing the Potential of Plant Expression System towards the Production of Vaccines for the Prevention of Human Papillomavirus and Cervical Cancer
Cervical cancer is the most common gynecological malignant tumor worldwide, and it remains a major health problem among women, especially in developing countries. Despite the significant research efforts employed for tumor prevention, cervical cancer ranks as the leading cause of cancer death. Human...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/12/2064 |
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| author | Balamurugan Shanmugaraj Ashwini Malla Christine Joy I. Bulaon Waranyoo Phoolcharoen Natacha Phoolcharoen |
| author_facet | Balamurugan Shanmugaraj Ashwini Malla Christine Joy I. Bulaon Waranyoo Phoolcharoen Natacha Phoolcharoen |
| author_sort | Balamurugan Shanmugaraj |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cervical cancer is the most common gynecological malignant tumor worldwide, and it remains a major health problem among women, especially in developing countries. Despite the significant research efforts employed for tumor prevention, cervical cancer ranks as the leading cause of cancer death. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most important risk factor for cervical cancer. Cervical cancer is a preventable disease, for which early detection could increase survival rates. Immunotherapies represent a promising approach in the treatment of cancer, and several potential candidates are in clinical trials, while some are available in the market. However, equal access to available HPV vaccines is limited due to their high cost, which remains a global challenge for cervical cancer prevention. The implementation of screening programs, disease control systems, and medical advancement in developed countries reduce the serious complications associated with the disease somewhat; however, the incidence and prevalence of cervical cancer in low-income and middle-income countries continues to gradually increase, making it the leading cause of mortality, largely due to the unaffordable and inaccessible anti-cancer therapeutic options. In recent years, plants have been considered as a cost-effective production system for the development of vaccines, therapeutics, and other biopharmaceuticals. Several proof-of-concept studies showed the possibility of producing recombinant biopharmaceuticals for cancer immunotherapy in a plant platform. This review summarizes the current knowledge and therapeutic options for the prevention of cervical cancer and discusses the potential of the plant expression platform to produce affordable HPV vaccines. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:45:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3ee803ad33424e279a13a25ffc2d8421 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:45:38Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-3ee803ad33424e279a13a25ffc2d84212023-11-24T18:32:03ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2022-12-011012206410.3390/vaccines10122064Harnessing the Potential of Plant Expression System towards the Production of Vaccines for the Prevention of Human Papillomavirus and Cervical CancerBalamurugan Shanmugaraj0Ashwini Malla1Christine Joy I. Bulaon2Waranyoo Phoolcharoen3Natacha Phoolcharoen4Baiya Phytopharm Co., Ltd., Bangkok 10330, ThailandBaiya Phytopharm Co., Ltd., Bangkok 10330, ThailandCenter of Excellence in Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, ThailandCenter of Excellence in Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, ThailandDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, ThailandCervical cancer is the most common gynecological malignant tumor worldwide, and it remains a major health problem among women, especially in developing countries. Despite the significant research efforts employed for tumor prevention, cervical cancer ranks as the leading cause of cancer death. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most important risk factor for cervical cancer. Cervical cancer is a preventable disease, for which early detection could increase survival rates. Immunotherapies represent a promising approach in the treatment of cancer, and several potential candidates are in clinical trials, while some are available in the market. However, equal access to available HPV vaccines is limited due to their high cost, which remains a global challenge for cervical cancer prevention. The implementation of screening programs, disease control systems, and medical advancement in developed countries reduce the serious complications associated with the disease somewhat; however, the incidence and prevalence of cervical cancer in low-income and middle-income countries continues to gradually increase, making it the leading cause of mortality, largely due to the unaffordable and inaccessible anti-cancer therapeutic options. In recent years, plants have been considered as a cost-effective production system for the development of vaccines, therapeutics, and other biopharmaceuticals. Several proof-of-concept studies showed the possibility of producing recombinant biopharmaceuticals for cancer immunotherapy in a plant platform. This review summarizes the current knowledge and therapeutic options for the prevention of cervical cancer and discusses the potential of the plant expression platform to produce affordable HPV vaccines.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/12/2064cervical cancerhuman papillomavirusrecombinant drugsimmunotherapytherapeutic vaccineplant-made pharmaceuticals |
| spellingShingle | Balamurugan Shanmugaraj Ashwini Malla Christine Joy I. Bulaon Waranyoo Phoolcharoen Natacha Phoolcharoen Harnessing the Potential of Plant Expression System towards the Production of Vaccines for the Prevention of Human Papillomavirus and Cervical Cancer Vaccines cervical cancer human papillomavirus recombinant drugs immunotherapy therapeutic vaccine plant-made pharmaceuticals |
| title | Harnessing the Potential of Plant Expression System towards the Production of Vaccines for the Prevention of Human Papillomavirus and Cervical Cancer |
| title_full | Harnessing the Potential of Plant Expression System towards the Production of Vaccines for the Prevention of Human Papillomavirus and Cervical Cancer |
| title_fullStr | Harnessing the Potential of Plant Expression System towards the Production of Vaccines for the Prevention of Human Papillomavirus and Cervical Cancer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Harnessing the Potential of Plant Expression System towards the Production of Vaccines for the Prevention of Human Papillomavirus and Cervical Cancer |
| title_short | Harnessing the Potential of Plant Expression System towards the Production of Vaccines for the Prevention of Human Papillomavirus and Cervical Cancer |
| title_sort | harnessing the potential of plant expression system towards the production of vaccines for the prevention of human papillomavirus and cervical cancer |
| topic | cervical cancer human papillomavirus recombinant drugs immunotherapy therapeutic vaccine plant-made pharmaceuticals |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/12/2064 |
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