A Comparative Assessment of the Diagnosis of Swallowing Impairment and Gastroesophageal Reflux in Canines and Humans
Swallowing impairment is a highly prevalent and clinically significant problem affecting people and dogs. There are myriad causes of swallowing impairment of which gastroesophageal reflux is the most common in both species. Similarities in anatomy and physiology between humans and canines results in...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2022.889331/full |
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| author | Tarini V. Ullal Stanley L. Marks Peter C. Belafsky Jeffrey L. Conklin John E. Pandolfino |
| author_facet | Tarini V. Ullal Stanley L. Marks Peter C. Belafsky Jeffrey L. Conklin John E. Pandolfino |
| author_sort | Tarini V. Ullal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Swallowing impairment is a highly prevalent and clinically significant problem affecting people and dogs. There are myriad causes of swallowing impairment of which gastroesophageal reflux is the most common in both species. Similarities in anatomy and physiology between humans and canines results in analogous swallowing disorders including cricopharyngeus muscle achalasia, esophageal achalasia, hiatal herniation, and gastroesophageal reflux with secondary esophagitis and esophageal dysmotility. Accordingly, the diagnostic approach to human and canine patients with swallowing impairment is similar. Diagnostic procedures such as swallowing fluoroscopy, high-resolution manometry, pH/impedance monitoring, and endolumenal functional luminal imaging probe can be performed in both species; however, nasofacial conformation, increased esophageal length, and the difficulty of completing several of these procedures in awake dogs are inherent challenges that need to be considered. Human patients can convey their symptoms and respond to verbal cues, whereas veterinarians must rely on clinical histories narrated by pet owners followed by comprehensive physical examination and observation of the animal eating different food consistencies and drinking water. Dogs may also be unwilling to drink or eat in the hospital setting and may be resistant to physical restraint during diagnostic procedures. Despite the species differences and diagnostic challenges, dogs are a natural animal model for many oropharyngeal and esophageal disorders affecting people, which presents a tremendous opportunity for shared learnings. This manuscript reviews the comparative aspects of esophageal anatomy and physiology between humans and canines, summarizes the diagnostic assessment of swallowing impairment in both species, and discusses future considerations for collaborative medicine and translational research. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T09:21:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3eeab7fbf8024ed78434b8119f5b5aaa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T09:21:21Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-3eeab7fbf8024ed78434b8119f5b5aaa2022-12-22T00:29:13ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692022-06-01910.3389/fvets.2022.889331889331A Comparative Assessment of the Diagnosis of Swallowing Impairment and Gastroesophageal Reflux in Canines and HumansTarini V. Ullal0Stanley L. Marks1Peter C. Belafsky2Jeffrey L. Conklin3John E. Pandolfino4Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United StatesDepartment of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United StatesDepartment of Otolaryngology, Center for Voice and Swallowing, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United StatesThe Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, UCLA Robert G. Kardashian Center for Esophageal Health, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United StatesDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United StatesSwallowing impairment is a highly prevalent and clinically significant problem affecting people and dogs. There are myriad causes of swallowing impairment of which gastroesophageal reflux is the most common in both species. Similarities in anatomy and physiology between humans and canines results in analogous swallowing disorders including cricopharyngeus muscle achalasia, esophageal achalasia, hiatal herniation, and gastroesophageal reflux with secondary esophagitis and esophageal dysmotility. Accordingly, the diagnostic approach to human and canine patients with swallowing impairment is similar. Diagnostic procedures such as swallowing fluoroscopy, high-resolution manometry, pH/impedance monitoring, and endolumenal functional luminal imaging probe can be performed in both species; however, nasofacial conformation, increased esophageal length, and the difficulty of completing several of these procedures in awake dogs are inherent challenges that need to be considered. Human patients can convey their symptoms and respond to verbal cues, whereas veterinarians must rely on clinical histories narrated by pet owners followed by comprehensive physical examination and observation of the animal eating different food consistencies and drinking water. Dogs may also be unwilling to drink or eat in the hospital setting and may be resistant to physical restraint during diagnostic procedures. Despite the species differences and diagnostic challenges, dogs are a natural animal model for many oropharyngeal and esophageal disorders affecting people, which presents a tremendous opportunity for shared learnings. This manuscript reviews the comparative aspects of esophageal anatomy and physiology between humans and canines, summarizes the diagnostic assessment of swallowing impairment in both species, and discusses future considerations for collaborative medicine and translational research.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2022.889331/fullesophageal anatomyphysiologydysphagiafluoroscopymanometryEndoFLIP® |
| spellingShingle | Tarini V. Ullal Stanley L. Marks Peter C. Belafsky Jeffrey L. Conklin John E. Pandolfino A Comparative Assessment of the Diagnosis of Swallowing Impairment and Gastroesophageal Reflux in Canines and Humans Frontiers in Veterinary Science esophageal anatomy physiology dysphagia fluoroscopy manometry EndoFLIP® |
| title | A Comparative Assessment of the Diagnosis of Swallowing Impairment and Gastroesophageal Reflux in Canines and Humans |
| title_full | A Comparative Assessment of the Diagnosis of Swallowing Impairment and Gastroesophageal Reflux in Canines and Humans |
| title_fullStr | A Comparative Assessment of the Diagnosis of Swallowing Impairment and Gastroesophageal Reflux in Canines and Humans |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Comparative Assessment of the Diagnosis of Swallowing Impairment and Gastroesophageal Reflux in Canines and Humans |
| title_short | A Comparative Assessment of the Diagnosis of Swallowing Impairment and Gastroesophageal Reflux in Canines and Humans |
| title_sort | comparative assessment of the diagnosis of swallowing impairment and gastroesophageal reflux in canines and humans |
| topic | esophageal anatomy physiology dysphagia fluoroscopy manometry EndoFLIP® |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2022.889331/full |
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