Geraniol inhibits cell growth and promotes caspase-dependent apoptosis in nasopharyngeal cancer C666-1 cells via inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway
Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a major type of head and neck cancer that develops from the nasopharynx with a highly distorted cultural and regional prevalence. Objective: The present work was aimed at discovering the anticancer activity of geraniol on C666-1 cells by inhibiting PI3K/...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Arabian Journal of Chemistry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878535223008353 |
| _version_ | 1797390540280430592 |
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| author | Ruihua Ju Xiaopin Wang Xiaopan Han |
| author_facet | Ruihua Ju Xiaopin Wang Xiaopan Han |
| author_sort | Ruihua Ju |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a major type of head and neck cancer that develops from the nasopharynx with a highly distorted cultural and regional prevalence. Objective: The present work was aimed at discovering the anticancer activity of geraniol on C666-1 cells by inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling and promoting apoptosis. Methodology: The viability of geraniol (5–50 µM)-treated C666-1 cells was investigated using an MTT assay. The MMP levels were evaluated using JC-1 staining. The apoptosis level was studied by dual staining, DAPI staining, and flow cytometry techniques. The oxidative stress markers (TBARS, SOD, and GSH) and apoptotic biomarkers (Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, and −9) in the geraniol-treated C666-1 cells were analyzed using respective kits. The RT-PCR technique was done to evaluate the inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in the geraniol-treated C666-1 cells. Results: The outcomes of the MTT assay demonstrated that geraniol decreased C666-1 cell viability. The geraniol treatment reduced MMP and promoted apoptosis in C666-1 cells, which is evidenced by the fluorescent staining assay results. The flow cytometry assay results also confirmed the occurrence of apoptosis in the geraniol-treated C666-1 cells. The levels of TBARS were increased, while decreased GSH and SOD levels were observed in the geraniol-treated C666-1 cells. The geraniol also promoted pro-apoptotic gene expressions, including Bax, caspase-3, and -9, and additionally inhibited PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in the C666-1 cells. Conclusion: The present results elucidate that geraniol is an effective anticancer agent for NPC. It can effectively inhibit cell growth, promote apoptosis, and inhibit the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Therefore, it can be an effective antitumor drug for NPC treatment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T23:12:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3ef3819336254d5cb6e095c96b00aa44 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1878-5352 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T23:12:20Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Arabian Journal of Chemistry |
| spelling | doaj.art-3ef3819336254d5cb6e095c96b00aa442023-12-15T07:23:19ZengElsevierArabian Journal of Chemistry1878-53522024-01-01171105373Geraniol inhibits cell growth and promotes caspase-dependent apoptosis in nasopharyngeal cancer C666-1 cells via inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathwayRuihua Ju0Xiaopin Wang1Xiaopan Han2Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, ChinaDepartment of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Gastrointestinal Tumor, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of General Surgery, Jinan, 250014, ChinaDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, China; Corresponding author at: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, China.Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a major type of head and neck cancer that develops from the nasopharynx with a highly distorted cultural and regional prevalence. Objective: The present work was aimed at discovering the anticancer activity of geraniol on C666-1 cells by inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling and promoting apoptosis. Methodology: The viability of geraniol (5–50 µM)-treated C666-1 cells was investigated using an MTT assay. The MMP levels were evaluated using JC-1 staining. The apoptosis level was studied by dual staining, DAPI staining, and flow cytometry techniques. The oxidative stress markers (TBARS, SOD, and GSH) and apoptotic biomarkers (Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, and −9) in the geraniol-treated C666-1 cells were analyzed using respective kits. The RT-PCR technique was done to evaluate the inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in the geraniol-treated C666-1 cells. Results: The outcomes of the MTT assay demonstrated that geraniol decreased C666-1 cell viability. The geraniol treatment reduced MMP and promoted apoptosis in C666-1 cells, which is evidenced by the fluorescent staining assay results. The flow cytometry assay results also confirmed the occurrence of apoptosis in the geraniol-treated C666-1 cells. The levels of TBARS were increased, while decreased GSH and SOD levels were observed in the geraniol-treated C666-1 cells. The geraniol also promoted pro-apoptotic gene expressions, including Bax, caspase-3, and -9, and additionally inhibited PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in the C666-1 cells. Conclusion: The present results elucidate that geraniol is an effective anticancer agent for NPC. It can effectively inhibit cell growth, promote apoptosis, and inhibit the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Therefore, it can be an effective antitumor drug for NPC treatment.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878535223008353CaspasesPro-apoptotic genesGlutathioneGeraniolC666-1 cells |
| spellingShingle | Ruihua Ju Xiaopin Wang Xiaopan Han Geraniol inhibits cell growth and promotes caspase-dependent apoptosis in nasopharyngeal cancer C666-1 cells via inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway Arabian Journal of Chemistry Caspases Pro-apoptotic genes Glutathione Geraniol C666-1 cells |
| title | Geraniol inhibits cell growth and promotes caspase-dependent apoptosis in nasopharyngeal cancer C666-1 cells via inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway |
| title_full | Geraniol inhibits cell growth and promotes caspase-dependent apoptosis in nasopharyngeal cancer C666-1 cells via inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway |
| title_fullStr | Geraniol inhibits cell growth and promotes caspase-dependent apoptosis in nasopharyngeal cancer C666-1 cells via inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway |
| title_full_unstemmed | Geraniol inhibits cell growth and promotes caspase-dependent apoptosis in nasopharyngeal cancer C666-1 cells via inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway |
| title_short | Geraniol inhibits cell growth and promotes caspase-dependent apoptosis in nasopharyngeal cancer C666-1 cells via inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway |
| title_sort | geraniol inhibits cell growth and promotes caspase dependent apoptosis in nasopharyngeal cancer c666 1 cells via inhibiting pi3k akt mtor signaling pathway |
| topic | Caspases Pro-apoptotic genes Glutathione Geraniol C666-1 cells |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878535223008353 |
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