Complete Breast Cancer Detection and Monitoring System by Using Microwave Textile Based Antenna Sensors
This paper presents the development of a new complete wearable system for detecting breast tumors based on fully textile antenna-based sensors. The proposed sensor is compact and fully made of textiles so that it fits conformably and comfortably on the breasts with dimensions of 24 × 45 × 0.17 mm<...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-01-01
|
| Series: | Biosensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/13/1/87 |
| _version_ | 1797445326754283520 |
|---|---|
| author | Dalia N. Elsheakh Rawda A. Mohamed Omar M. Fahmy Khaled Ezzat Angie R. Eldamak |
| author_facet | Dalia N. Elsheakh Rawda A. Mohamed Omar M. Fahmy Khaled Ezzat Angie R. Eldamak |
| author_sort | Dalia N. Elsheakh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper presents the development of a new complete wearable system for detecting breast tumors based on fully textile antenna-based sensors. The proposed sensor is compact and fully made of textiles so that it fits conformably and comfortably on the breasts with dimensions of 24 × 45 × 0.17 mm<sup>3</sup> on a cotton substrate. The proposed antenna sensor is fed with a coplanar waveguide feed for easy integration with other systems. It realizes impedance bandwidth from 1.6 GHz up to 10 GHz at |S<sub>11</sub>| ≤ −6 dB (VSWR ≤ 3) and from 1.8 to 2.4 GHz and from 4 up to 10 GHz at |S<sub>11</sub>| ≤ −10 dB (VSWR ≤ 2). The proposed sensor acquires a low specific absorption rate (SAR) of 0.55 W/kg and 0.25 W/kg at 1g and 10 g, respectively, at 25 dBm power level over the operating band. Furthermore, the proposed system utilizes machine-learning algorithms (MLA) to differentiate between malignant tumor and benign breast tissues. Simulation examples have been recorded to verify and validate machine-learning algorithms in detecting tumors at different sizes of 10 mm and 20 mm, respectively. The classification accuracy reached 100% on the tested dataset when considering <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>|</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi><mrow><mn>21</mn></mrow></msub><mo>|</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> parameter features. The proposed system is vision as a “Smart Bra” that is capable of providing an easy interface for women who require continuous breast monitoring in the comfort of their homes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:25:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3ef7010666f14e35b82b1f1eb2edb57e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6374 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:25:10Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biosensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-3ef7010666f14e35b82b1f1eb2edb57e2023-11-30T21:25:18ZengMDPI AGBiosensors2079-63742023-01-011318710.3390/bios13010087Complete Breast Cancer Detection and Monitoring System by Using Microwave Textile Based Antenna SensorsDalia N. Elsheakh0Rawda A. Mohamed1Omar M. Fahmy2Khaled Ezzat3Angie R. Eldamak4Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City 11829, EgyptDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City 11829, EgyptDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City 11829, EgyptDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City 11829, EgyptElectronics and Communications Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11517, EgyptThis paper presents the development of a new complete wearable system for detecting breast tumors based on fully textile antenna-based sensors. The proposed sensor is compact and fully made of textiles so that it fits conformably and comfortably on the breasts with dimensions of 24 × 45 × 0.17 mm<sup>3</sup> on a cotton substrate. The proposed antenna sensor is fed with a coplanar waveguide feed for easy integration with other systems. It realizes impedance bandwidth from 1.6 GHz up to 10 GHz at |S<sub>11</sub>| ≤ −6 dB (VSWR ≤ 3) and from 1.8 to 2.4 GHz and from 4 up to 10 GHz at |S<sub>11</sub>| ≤ −10 dB (VSWR ≤ 2). The proposed sensor acquires a low specific absorption rate (SAR) of 0.55 W/kg and 0.25 W/kg at 1g and 10 g, respectively, at 25 dBm power level over the operating band. Furthermore, the proposed system utilizes machine-learning algorithms (MLA) to differentiate between malignant tumor and benign breast tissues. Simulation examples have been recorded to verify and validate machine-learning algorithms in detecting tumors at different sizes of 10 mm and 20 mm, respectively. The classification accuracy reached 100% on the tested dataset when considering <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>|</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi><mrow><mn>21</mn></mrow></msub><mo>|</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> parameter features. The proposed system is vision as a “Smart Bra” that is capable of providing an easy interface for women who require continuous breast monitoring in the comfort of their homes.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/13/1/87wearablebreast cancertextile antenna sensorsmart bracoplanar waveguide monopole antenna specific absorption rate (SAR)machine-learning algorithms (MLA) |
| spellingShingle | Dalia N. Elsheakh Rawda A. Mohamed Omar M. Fahmy Khaled Ezzat Angie R. Eldamak Complete Breast Cancer Detection and Monitoring System by Using Microwave Textile Based Antenna Sensors Biosensors wearable breast cancer textile antenna sensor smart bra coplanar waveguide monopole antenna specific absorption rate (SAR) machine-learning algorithms (MLA) |
| title | Complete Breast Cancer Detection and Monitoring System by Using Microwave Textile Based Antenna Sensors |
| title_full | Complete Breast Cancer Detection and Monitoring System by Using Microwave Textile Based Antenna Sensors |
| title_fullStr | Complete Breast Cancer Detection and Monitoring System by Using Microwave Textile Based Antenna Sensors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Complete Breast Cancer Detection and Monitoring System by Using Microwave Textile Based Antenna Sensors |
| title_short | Complete Breast Cancer Detection and Monitoring System by Using Microwave Textile Based Antenna Sensors |
| title_sort | complete breast cancer detection and monitoring system by using microwave textile based antenna sensors |
| topic | wearable breast cancer textile antenna sensor smart bra coplanar waveguide monopole antenna specific absorption rate (SAR) machine-learning algorithms (MLA) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/13/1/87 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT dalianelsheakh completebreastcancerdetectionandmonitoringsystembyusingmicrowavetextilebasedantennasensors AT rawdaamohamed completebreastcancerdetectionandmonitoringsystembyusingmicrowavetextilebasedantennasensors AT omarmfahmy completebreastcancerdetectionandmonitoringsystembyusingmicrowavetextilebasedantennasensors AT khaledezzat completebreastcancerdetectionandmonitoringsystembyusingmicrowavetextilebasedantennasensors AT angiereldamak completebreastcancerdetectionandmonitoringsystembyusingmicrowavetextilebasedantennasensors |