Enhanced Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis Induction in Human Colon Carcinoma HT-29 Cells of Soluble Longan Polysaccharides with a Covalent Chemical Selenylation
The selenylated polysaccharides chemically belong to the organic Se-conjugated macromolecules and have recently been attracting more and more attention due to their potential to promote body health or prevent cancers. Longan (<i>Dimocarpus longan</i> L.), as a subtropical fruit, contains...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-04-01
|
| Series: | Nutrients |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/9/1710 |
| _version_ | 1797503435082301440 |
|---|---|
| author | Ya-Hui Yu Zhi-Mei Tang Cen Xiong Fei-Fei Wu Jun-Ren Zhao Xin-Huai Zhao |
| author_facet | Ya-Hui Yu Zhi-Mei Tang Cen Xiong Fei-Fei Wu Jun-Ren Zhao Xin-Huai Zhao |
| author_sort | Ya-Hui Yu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The selenylated polysaccharides chemically belong to the organic Se-conjugated macromolecules and have recently been attracting more and more attention due to their potential to promote body health or prevent cancers. Longan (<i>Dimocarpus longan</i> L.), as a subtropical fruit, contains soluble and non-digestible polysaccharides that are regarded with health care functions in the body. In this study, the longan polysaccharides (LP) were obtained via enzyme-assisted water extraction, and then chemically selenylated using a reaction system composed of HNO<sub>3</sub>–Na<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>3</sub> to yield two selenylated products, namely, SeLP1 and SeLP2, with Se contents of 1.46 and 4.79 g/kg, respectively. The anti-cancer effects of the three polysaccharide samples (LP, SeLP1, and SeLP2) were thus investigated using the human colon cancer HT-29 cells as the cell model. The results showed that SeLP1 and SeLP2 were more able than LP to inhibit cell growth, alter cell morphology, cause mitochondrial membrane potential loss, increase intracellular reactive oxygen and [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub> levels, and induce apoptosis via regulating the eight apoptosis-related genes and proteins including Bax, caspases-3/-8/-9, CHOP, cytochrome c, DR5, and Bcl-2. It was thereby proven that the selenylated polysaccharides could induce cell apoptosis via activating the death receptor, mitochondrial-dependent, and ER stress pathways. Collectively, both SeLP1 and SeLP2 showed higher activities than LP in HT-29 cells, while SeLP2 was consistently more active than SeLP1 in exerting these assessed anti-cancer effects on the cells. In conclusion, this chemical selenylation covalently introduced Se into the polysaccharide molecules and caused an enhancement in their anti-cancer functions in the cells, while higher selenylation extent was beneficial to the activity enhancement of the selenylated products. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:50:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3efc203999da46e5a93a25e69359359f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:50:36Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-3efc203999da46e5a93a25e69359359f2023-11-23T08:57:18ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432022-04-01149171010.3390/nu14091710Enhanced Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis Induction in Human Colon Carcinoma HT-29 Cells of Soluble Longan Polysaccharides with a Covalent Chemical SelenylationYa-Hui Yu0Zhi-Mei Tang1Cen Xiong2Fei-Fei Wu3Jun-Ren Zhao4Xin-Huai Zhao5Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaSchool of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, ChinaSchool of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, ChinaSchool of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, ChinaSchool of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaThe selenylated polysaccharides chemically belong to the organic Se-conjugated macromolecules and have recently been attracting more and more attention due to their potential to promote body health or prevent cancers. Longan (<i>Dimocarpus longan</i> L.), as a subtropical fruit, contains soluble and non-digestible polysaccharides that are regarded with health care functions in the body. In this study, the longan polysaccharides (LP) were obtained via enzyme-assisted water extraction, and then chemically selenylated using a reaction system composed of HNO<sub>3</sub>–Na<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>3</sub> to yield two selenylated products, namely, SeLP1 and SeLP2, with Se contents of 1.46 and 4.79 g/kg, respectively. The anti-cancer effects of the three polysaccharide samples (LP, SeLP1, and SeLP2) were thus investigated using the human colon cancer HT-29 cells as the cell model. The results showed that SeLP1 and SeLP2 were more able than LP to inhibit cell growth, alter cell morphology, cause mitochondrial membrane potential loss, increase intracellular reactive oxygen and [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub> levels, and induce apoptosis via regulating the eight apoptosis-related genes and proteins including Bax, caspases-3/-8/-9, CHOP, cytochrome c, DR5, and Bcl-2. It was thereby proven that the selenylated polysaccharides could induce cell apoptosis via activating the death receptor, mitochondrial-dependent, and ER stress pathways. Collectively, both SeLP1 and SeLP2 showed higher activities than LP in HT-29 cells, while SeLP2 was consistently more active than SeLP1 in exerting these assessed anti-cancer effects on the cells. In conclusion, this chemical selenylation covalently introduced Se into the polysaccharide molecules and caused an enhancement in their anti-cancer functions in the cells, while higher selenylation extent was beneficial to the activity enhancement of the selenylated products.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/9/1710longan polysaccharidesselenylationHT-29 cellsanti-cancer activityapoptosis |
| spellingShingle | Ya-Hui Yu Zhi-Mei Tang Cen Xiong Fei-Fei Wu Jun-Ren Zhao Xin-Huai Zhao Enhanced Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis Induction in Human Colon Carcinoma HT-29 Cells of Soluble Longan Polysaccharides with a Covalent Chemical Selenylation Nutrients longan polysaccharides selenylation HT-29 cells anti-cancer activity apoptosis |
| title | Enhanced Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis Induction in Human Colon Carcinoma HT-29 Cells of Soluble Longan Polysaccharides with a Covalent Chemical Selenylation |
| title_full | Enhanced Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis Induction in Human Colon Carcinoma HT-29 Cells of Soluble Longan Polysaccharides with a Covalent Chemical Selenylation |
| title_fullStr | Enhanced Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis Induction in Human Colon Carcinoma HT-29 Cells of Soluble Longan Polysaccharides with a Covalent Chemical Selenylation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enhanced Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis Induction in Human Colon Carcinoma HT-29 Cells of Soluble Longan Polysaccharides with a Covalent Chemical Selenylation |
| title_short | Enhanced Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis Induction in Human Colon Carcinoma HT-29 Cells of Soluble Longan Polysaccharides with a Covalent Chemical Selenylation |
| title_sort | enhanced growth inhibition and apoptosis induction in human colon carcinoma ht 29 cells of soluble longan polysaccharides with a covalent chemical selenylation |
| topic | longan polysaccharides selenylation HT-29 cells anti-cancer activity apoptosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/9/1710 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yahuiyu enhancedgrowthinhibitionandapoptosisinductioninhumancoloncarcinomaht29cellsofsolublelonganpolysaccharideswithacovalentchemicalselenylation AT zhimeitang enhancedgrowthinhibitionandapoptosisinductioninhumancoloncarcinomaht29cellsofsolublelonganpolysaccharideswithacovalentchemicalselenylation AT cenxiong enhancedgrowthinhibitionandapoptosisinductioninhumancoloncarcinomaht29cellsofsolublelonganpolysaccharideswithacovalentchemicalselenylation AT feifeiwu enhancedgrowthinhibitionandapoptosisinductioninhumancoloncarcinomaht29cellsofsolublelonganpolysaccharideswithacovalentchemicalselenylation AT junrenzhao enhancedgrowthinhibitionandapoptosisinductioninhumancoloncarcinomaht29cellsofsolublelonganpolysaccharideswithacovalentchemicalselenylation AT xinhuaizhao enhancedgrowthinhibitionandapoptosisinductioninhumancoloncarcinomaht29cellsofsolublelonganpolysaccharideswithacovalentchemicalselenylation |