Role of Branched-Chain Amino Acid Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) include leucine, isoleucine, and valine. Mammalians cannot synthesize these amino acids de novo and must acquire them through their diet. High levels of BCAAs are associated with insulin resistance; type 2 diabetes; obesity; and non-metabolic diseases, including se...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/8/4325 |
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| author | Paola Cuomo Rosanna Capparelli Antonio Iannelli Domenico Iannelli |
| author_facet | Paola Cuomo Rosanna Capparelli Antonio Iannelli Domenico Iannelli |
| author_sort | Paola Cuomo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) include leucine, isoleucine, and valine. Mammalians cannot synthesize these amino acids de novo and must acquire them through their diet. High levels of BCAAs are associated with insulin resistance; type 2 diabetes; obesity; and non-metabolic diseases, including several forms of cancer. BCAAs—in particular leucine—activate the rapamycin complex1 mTORC1, which regulates cell growth and metabolism, glucose metabolism and several more essential physiological processes. Diets rich in BCAAs are associated with metabolic diseases (listed above), while diets low in BCAAs are generally reported to promote metabolic health. As for the dysregulation of the metabolism caused by high levels of BCAAs, recent studies propose that the accumulation of acyl-carnitine and diacyl-CoA in muscles alters lipid metabolism. However, this suggestion is not broadly accepted. On clinical grounds, pre- and post-operative metabolic profiles of candidate patients for bariatric surgery are being used to select the optimal procedure for each individual patient. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:33:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3f01ce4a98e2420b80d4fa21fb32d9f9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:33:57Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-3f01ce4a98e2420b80d4fa21fb32d9f92023-12-01T21:04:07ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-04-01238432510.3390/ijms23084325Role of Branched-Chain Amino Acid Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver DiseasePaola Cuomo0Rosanna Capparelli1Antonio Iannelli2Domenico Iannelli3Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Università, 100-Portici, 80055 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Università, 100-Portici, 80055 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Digestive Surgery, Université Côte d’ Azur, F-06108 Nice, FranceDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Università, 100-Portici, 80055 Naples, ItalyBranched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) include leucine, isoleucine, and valine. Mammalians cannot synthesize these amino acids de novo and must acquire them through their diet. High levels of BCAAs are associated with insulin resistance; type 2 diabetes; obesity; and non-metabolic diseases, including several forms of cancer. BCAAs—in particular leucine—activate the rapamycin complex1 mTORC1, which regulates cell growth and metabolism, glucose metabolism and several more essential physiological processes. Diets rich in BCAAs are associated with metabolic diseases (listed above), while diets low in BCAAs are generally reported to promote metabolic health. As for the dysregulation of the metabolism caused by high levels of BCAAs, recent studies propose that the accumulation of acyl-carnitine and diacyl-CoA in muscles alters lipid metabolism. However, this suggestion is not broadly accepted. On clinical grounds, pre- and post-operative metabolic profiles of candidate patients for bariatric surgery are being used to select the optimal procedure for each individual patient.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/8/4325branched-chain amino acidsbariatric surgeryadiponectin |
| spellingShingle | Paola Cuomo Rosanna Capparelli Antonio Iannelli Domenico Iannelli Role of Branched-Chain Amino Acid Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease International Journal of Molecular Sciences branched-chain amino acids bariatric surgery adiponectin |
| title | Role of Branched-Chain Amino Acid Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease |
| title_full | Role of Branched-Chain Amino Acid Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease |
| title_fullStr | Role of Branched-Chain Amino Acid Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Role of Branched-Chain Amino Acid Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease |
| title_short | Role of Branched-Chain Amino Acid Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease |
| title_sort | role of branched chain amino acid metabolism in type 2 diabetes obesity cardiovascular disease and non alcoholic fatty liver disease |
| topic | branched-chain amino acids bariatric surgery adiponectin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/8/4325 |
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