Creating Contacts Between Replication and Movement at Plasmodesmata – A Role for Membrane Contact Sites in Plant Virus Infections?
To infect their hosts and cause disease, plant viruses must replicate within cells and move throughout the plant both locally and systemically. RNA virus replication occurs on the surface of various cellular membranes, whose shape and composition become extensively modified in the process. Membrane...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2020.00862/full |
| _version_ | 1818109065017950208 |
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| author | Amit Levy Amit Levy Jens Tilsner Jens Tilsner |
| author_facet | Amit Levy Amit Levy Jens Tilsner Jens Tilsner |
| author_sort | Amit Levy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To infect their hosts and cause disease, plant viruses must replicate within cells and move throughout the plant both locally and systemically. RNA virus replication occurs on the surface of various cellular membranes, whose shape and composition become extensively modified in the process. Membrane contact sites (MCS) can mediate non-vesicular lipid-shuttling between different membranes and viruses co-opt components of these structures to make their membrane environment suitable for replication. Whereas animal viruses exit and enter cells when moving throughout their host, the rigid wall of plant cells obstructs this pathway and plant viruses therefore move between cells symplastically through plasmodesmata (PD). PD are membranous channels connecting nearly all plant cells and are now viewed to constitute a specialized type of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-plasma membrane (PM) MCS themselves. Thus, both replication and movement of plant viruses rely on MCS. However, recent work also suggests that for some viruses, replication and movement are closely coupled at ER-PM MCS at the entrances of PD. Movement-coupled replication at PD may be distinct from the main bulk of replication and virus accumulation, which produces progeny virions for plant-to-plant transmission. Thus, MCS play a central role in plant virus infections, and may provide a link between two essential steps in the viral life cycle, replication and movement. Here, we provide an overview of plant virus-MCS interactions identified to date, and place these in the context of the connection between viral replication and cell-to-cell movement. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T02:25:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3f02e0e4f05a43998d70668a053ff9d2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T02:25:19Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-3f02e0e4f05a43998d70668a053ff9d22022-12-22T01:23:56ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2020-07-011110.3389/fpls.2020.00862546272Creating Contacts Between Replication and Movement at Plasmodesmata – A Role for Membrane Contact Sites in Plant Virus Infections?Amit Levy0Amit Levy1Jens Tilsner2Jens Tilsner3Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United StatesCitrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United StatesBiomedical Sciences Research Complex, The University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, United KingdomCell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United KingdomTo infect their hosts and cause disease, plant viruses must replicate within cells and move throughout the plant both locally and systemically. RNA virus replication occurs on the surface of various cellular membranes, whose shape and composition become extensively modified in the process. Membrane contact sites (MCS) can mediate non-vesicular lipid-shuttling between different membranes and viruses co-opt components of these structures to make their membrane environment suitable for replication. Whereas animal viruses exit and enter cells when moving throughout their host, the rigid wall of plant cells obstructs this pathway and plant viruses therefore move between cells symplastically through plasmodesmata (PD). PD are membranous channels connecting nearly all plant cells and are now viewed to constitute a specialized type of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-plasma membrane (PM) MCS themselves. Thus, both replication and movement of plant viruses rely on MCS. However, recent work also suggests that for some viruses, replication and movement are closely coupled at ER-PM MCS at the entrances of PD. Movement-coupled replication at PD may be distinct from the main bulk of replication and virus accumulation, which produces progeny virions for plant-to-plant transmission. Thus, MCS play a central role in plant virus infections, and may provide a link between two essential steps in the viral life cycle, replication and movement. Here, we provide an overview of plant virus-MCS interactions identified to date, and place these in the context of the connection between viral replication and cell-to-cell movement.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2020.00862/fullplant virusmembrane contact sitereplicationcell-to-cell movementsynaptotagminplasmodesmata |
| spellingShingle | Amit Levy Amit Levy Jens Tilsner Jens Tilsner Creating Contacts Between Replication and Movement at Plasmodesmata – A Role for Membrane Contact Sites in Plant Virus Infections? Frontiers in Plant Science plant virus membrane contact site replication cell-to-cell movement synaptotagmin plasmodesmata |
| title | Creating Contacts Between Replication and Movement at Plasmodesmata – A Role for Membrane Contact Sites in Plant Virus Infections? |
| title_full | Creating Contacts Between Replication and Movement at Plasmodesmata – A Role for Membrane Contact Sites in Plant Virus Infections? |
| title_fullStr | Creating Contacts Between Replication and Movement at Plasmodesmata – A Role for Membrane Contact Sites in Plant Virus Infections? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Creating Contacts Between Replication and Movement at Plasmodesmata – A Role for Membrane Contact Sites in Plant Virus Infections? |
| title_short | Creating Contacts Between Replication and Movement at Plasmodesmata – A Role for Membrane Contact Sites in Plant Virus Infections? |
| title_sort | creating contacts between replication and movement at plasmodesmata a role for membrane contact sites in plant virus infections |
| topic | plant virus membrane contact site replication cell-to-cell movement synaptotagmin plasmodesmata |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2020.00862/full |
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