An energy budget approach to understand the Arctic warming during the Last Interglacial
<p>The Last Interglacial period (129–116 ka) is characterised by a strong orbital forcing which leads to a different seasonal and latitudinal distribution of insolation compared to the pre-industrial period. In particular, these changes amplify the seasonality of the insolation in the high lat...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Climate of the Past |
| Online Access: | https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/18/607/2022/cp-18-607-2022.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818755409406590976 |
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| author | M. Sicard M. Kageyama S. Charbit P. Braconnot J.-B. Madeleine |
| author_facet | M. Sicard M. Kageyama S. Charbit P. Braconnot J.-B. Madeleine |
| author_sort | M. Sicard |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>The Last Interglacial period (129–116 ka) is characterised by a strong orbital forcing which leads to a different seasonal and latitudinal distribution of insolation compared to the pre-industrial period. In particular, these changes amplify the seasonality of the insolation in the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. Here, we investigate the Arctic climate response to this forcing by comparing the CMIP6 <i>lig127k</i> and <i>piControl</i> simulations performed with the IPSL-CM6A-LR (the global climate model developed at Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace) model. Using an energy budget framework, we analyse the interactions between the atmosphere, ocean, sea ice and continents.</p>
<p>In summer, the insolation anomaly reaches its maximum and causes a rise in near-surface air temperature of 3.1 <span class="inline-formula"><sup>∘</sup></span>C over the Arctic region. This warming is primarily due to a strong positive anomaly of surface downwelling shortwave radiation over continental surfaces, followed by large heat transfer from the continents to the atmosphere. The surface layers of the Arctic Ocean also receive more energy but in smaller quantity than the continents due to a cloud negative feedback. Furthermore, while heat exchange from the continental surfaces towards the atmosphere is strengthened, the ocean absorbs and stores the heat excess due to a decline in sea ice cover.</p>
<p>However, the maximum near-surface air temperature anomaly does not peak in summer like insolation but occurs in autumn with a temperature increase of 4.2 <span class="inline-formula"><sup>∘</sup></span>C relative to the pre-industrial period. This strong warming is driven by a positive anomaly of longwave radiation over the Arctic Ocean enhanced by a positive cloud feedback. It is also favoured by the summer and autumn Arctic sea ice retreat (<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">1.9</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn mathvariant="normal">10</mn><mn mathvariant="normal">6</mn></msup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="53pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="901a1452a247d8346b3be959f770fb6b"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cp-18-607-2022-ie00001.svg" width="53pt" height="14pt" src="cp-18-607-2022-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> and <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">3.4</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn mathvariant="normal">10</mn><mn mathvariant="normal">6</mn></msup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="53pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="58811b139464bc5c88f263dd0af03522"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cp-18-607-2022-ie00002.svg" width="53pt" height="14pt" src="cp-18-607-2022-ie00002.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> km<span class="inline-formula"><sup>2</sup></span>, respectively), which exposes the warm oceanic surface and thus allows oceanic heat storage and release of water vapour in summer. This study highlights the crucial role of sea ice cover variations, Arctic Ocean, as well as changes in polar cloud optical properties on the Last Interglacial Arctic warming.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-18T05:38:41Z |
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| id | doaj.art-3f19cccd4c6845508b839d9aa72a5872 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1814-9324 1814-9332 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-18T05:38:41Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
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| series | Climate of the Past |
| spelling | doaj.art-3f19cccd4c6845508b839d9aa72a58722022-12-21T21:19:14ZengCopernicus PublicationsClimate of the Past1814-93241814-93322022-03-011860762910.5194/cp-18-607-2022An energy budget approach to understand the Arctic warming during the Last InterglacialM. Sicard0M. Kageyama1S. Charbit2P. Braconnot3J.-B. Madeleine4Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, FranceLaboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, FranceLaboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, FranceLaboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, FranceLaboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Sorbonne Université, 75252 Paris CEDEX 05, France<p>The Last Interglacial period (129–116 ka) is characterised by a strong orbital forcing which leads to a different seasonal and latitudinal distribution of insolation compared to the pre-industrial period. In particular, these changes amplify the seasonality of the insolation in the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. Here, we investigate the Arctic climate response to this forcing by comparing the CMIP6 <i>lig127k</i> and <i>piControl</i> simulations performed with the IPSL-CM6A-LR (the global climate model developed at Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace) model. Using an energy budget framework, we analyse the interactions between the atmosphere, ocean, sea ice and continents.</p> <p>In summer, the insolation anomaly reaches its maximum and causes a rise in near-surface air temperature of 3.1 <span class="inline-formula"><sup>∘</sup></span>C over the Arctic region. This warming is primarily due to a strong positive anomaly of surface downwelling shortwave radiation over continental surfaces, followed by large heat transfer from the continents to the atmosphere. The surface layers of the Arctic Ocean also receive more energy but in smaller quantity than the continents due to a cloud negative feedback. Furthermore, while heat exchange from the continental surfaces towards the atmosphere is strengthened, the ocean absorbs and stores the heat excess due to a decline in sea ice cover.</p> <p>However, the maximum near-surface air temperature anomaly does not peak in summer like insolation but occurs in autumn with a temperature increase of 4.2 <span class="inline-formula"><sup>∘</sup></span>C relative to the pre-industrial period. This strong warming is driven by a positive anomaly of longwave radiation over the Arctic Ocean enhanced by a positive cloud feedback. It is also favoured by the summer and autumn Arctic sea ice retreat (<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">1.9</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn mathvariant="normal">10</mn><mn mathvariant="normal">6</mn></msup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="53pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="901a1452a247d8346b3be959f770fb6b"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cp-18-607-2022-ie00001.svg" width="53pt" height="14pt" src="cp-18-607-2022-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> and <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">3.4</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn mathvariant="normal">10</mn><mn mathvariant="normal">6</mn></msup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="53pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="58811b139464bc5c88f263dd0af03522"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cp-18-607-2022-ie00002.svg" width="53pt" height="14pt" src="cp-18-607-2022-ie00002.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> km<span class="inline-formula"><sup>2</sup></span>, respectively), which exposes the warm oceanic surface and thus allows oceanic heat storage and release of water vapour in summer. This study highlights the crucial role of sea ice cover variations, Arctic Ocean, as well as changes in polar cloud optical properties on the Last Interglacial Arctic warming.</p>https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/18/607/2022/cp-18-607-2022.pdf |
| spellingShingle | M. Sicard M. Kageyama S. Charbit P. Braconnot J.-B. Madeleine An energy budget approach to understand the Arctic warming during the Last Interglacial Climate of the Past |
| title | An energy budget approach to understand the Arctic warming during the Last Interglacial |
| title_full | An energy budget approach to understand the Arctic warming during the Last Interglacial |
| title_fullStr | An energy budget approach to understand the Arctic warming during the Last Interglacial |
| title_full_unstemmed | An energy budget approach to understand the Arctic warming during the Last Interglacial |
| title_short | An energy budget approach to understand the Arctic warming during the Last Interglacial |
| title_sort | energy budget approach to understand the arctic warming during the last interglacial |
| url | https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/18/607/2022/cp-18-607-2022.pdf |
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