Acceptability and Tolerability of Extended Reality Relaxation Training with and without Wearable Neurofeedback in Pediatric Migraine
<i>Objective.</i> To determine the acceptability of using extended reality (XR) relaxation training as a preventive treatment for pediatric migraine. <i>Methods.</i> Youths aged 10–17 years old with migraine were recruited from a specialty headache clinic and completed baseli...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Children |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/10/2/329 |
| _version_ | 1797621632181731328 |
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| author | Mark Connelly Madeline Boorigie Klanci McCabe |
| author_facet | Mark Connelly Madeline Boorigie Klanci McCabe |
| author_sort | Mark Connelly |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Objective.</i> To determine the acceptability of using extended reality (XR) relaxation training as a preventive treatment for pediatric migraine. <i>Methods.</i> Youths aged 10–17 years old with migraine were recruited from a specialty headache clinic and completed baseline measures evaluating their vestibular symptoms and attitudes about technology. The patients were then instructed in three XR-based relaxation training conditions (fully immersive virtual reality with and without neurofeedback, and augmented reality with neurofeedback), in counterbalanced order, and completed acceptability and side effect questionnaires after each. The patients also took XR equipment home for one week to use for relaxation practice and again completed the measures about their experience. The acceptability and side effect data were compared against predetermined acceptable thresholds and were evaluated for their association with the participant characteristics. <i>Results.</i> The aggregate acceptability questionnaire scores exceeded our minimum threshold of 3.5/5, with the two fully immersive virtual reality conditions preferred over augmented reality for relaxation training (<i>z</i> = −3.02, <i>p</i> = 0.003, and <i>z</i> = −2.31, <i>p</i> = 0.02). The endorsed side effects were rated by all but one participant as mild, with vertigo being the most common. The acceptability ratings were not reliably associated with age, sex, typical hours per day of technology use, or technology attitudes, but were inversely related to the side effect scores. <i>Conclusions</i>. The preliminary data on acceptability and tolerability of immersive XR technology for relaxation training among youths with migraine supports further intervention development work. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:59:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3f1a340c73d046999a399b349072a47b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:59:47Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Children |
| spelling | doaj.art-3f1a340c73d046999a399b349072a47b2023-11-16T19:49:14ZengMDPI AGChildren2227-90672023-02-0110232910.3390/children10020329Acceptability and Tolerability of Extended Reality Relaxation Training with and without Wearable Neurofeedback in Pediatric MigraineMark Connelly0Madeline Boorigie1Klanci McCabe2Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Division of Developmental and Behavioral Health, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USAProtara Therapeutics, New York, NY 10010, USAChildren’s Mercy Kansas City, Division of Developmental and Behavioral Health, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA<i>Objective.</i> To determine the acceptability of using extended reality (XR) relaxation training as a preventive treatment for pediatric migraine. <i>Methods.</i> Youths aged 10–17 years old with migraine were recruited from a specialty headache clinic and completed baseline measures evaluating their vestibular symptoms and attitudes about technology. The patients were then instructed in three XR-based relaxation training conditions (fully immersive virtual reality with and without neurofeedback, and augmented reality with neurofeedback), in counterbalanced order, and completed acceptability and side effect questionnaires after each. The patients also took XR equipment home for one week to use for relaxation practice and again completed the measures about their experience. The acceptability and side effect data were compared against predetermined acceptable thresholds and were evaluated for their association with the participant characteristics. <i>Results.</i> The aggregate acceptability questionnaire scores exceeded our minimum threshold of 3.5/5, with the two fully immersive virtual reality conditions preferred over augmented reality for relaxation training (<i>z</i> = −3.02, <i>p</i> = 0.003, and <i>z</i> = −2.31, <i>p</i> = 0.02). The endorsed side effects were rated by all but one participant as mild, with vertigo being the most common. The acceptability ratings were not reliably associated with age, sex, typical hours per day of technology use, or technology attitudes, but were inversely related to the side effect scores. <i>Conclusions</i>. The preliminary data on acceptability and tolerability of immersive XR technology for relaxation training among youths with migraine supports further intervention development work.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/10/2/329pediatricmigrainepainvirtual realityrelaxation therapyneurofeedback |
| spellingShingle | Mark Connelly Madeline Boorigie Klanci McCabe Acceptability and Tolerability of Extended Reality Relaxation Training with and without Wearable Neurofeedback in Pediatric Migraine Children pediatric migraine pain virtual reality relaxation therapy neurofeedback |
| title | Acceptability and Tolerability of Extended Reality Relaxation Training with and without Wearable Neurofeedback in Pediatric Migraine |
| title_full | Acceptability and Tolerability of Extended Reality Relaxation Training with and without Wearable Neurofeedback in Pediatric Migraine |
| title_fullStr | Acceptability and Tolerability of Extended Reality Relaxation Training with and without Wearable Neurofeedback in Pediatric Migraine |
| title_full_unstemmed | Acceptability and Tolerability of Extended Reality Relaxation Training with and without Wearable Neurofeedback in Pediatric Migraine |
| title_short | Acceptability and Tolerability of Extended Reality Relaxation Training with and without Wearable Neurofeedback in Pediatric Migraine |
| title_sort | acceptability and tolerability of extended reality relaxation training with and without wearable neurofeedback in pediatric migraine |
| topic | pediatric migraine pain virtual reality relaxation therapy neurofeedback |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/10/2/329 |
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