The Geomorphological and Geological Structure of the Samaria Gorge, Crete, Greece—Geological Models Comprehensive Review and the Link with the Geomorphological Evolution
The Samaria Gorge is a dominant geomorphological and geological structure on Crete Island and it is one of the national parks established in Greece. Due to the complex tectonics and the stratigraphic ambiguities imprinted in the geological formations of the area, a comprehensive review of the geolog...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/20/10670 |
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| author | Emmanouil Manoutsoglou Ilias Lazos Emmanouil Steiakakis Antonios Vafeidis |
| author_facet | Emmanouil Manoutsoglou Ilias Lazos Emmanouil Steiakakis Antonios Vafeidis |
| author_sort | Emmanouil Manoutsoglou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Samaria Gorge is a dominant geomorphological and geological structure on Crete Island and it is one of the national parks established in Greece. Due to the complex tectonics and the stratigraphic ambiguities imprinted in the geological formations of the area, a comprehensive review of the geological models referring to the geological evolution of the area is essential in order to clarify its geomorphological evolution. In particular, the study area is geologically structured by the Gigilos formation, the Plattenkalk series and the Trypali unit. Regarding lithology, the Gigilos formation predominantly includes phyllites and slates, while the Plattenkalk series and the Trypali unit are mainly structured by metacarbonate rocks; the Plattenkalk series metacarbonate rocks include cherts, while the corresponding ones of the Trypali unit do not. Furthermore, the wider region was subjected to compressional tectonics, resulting in folding occurrences and intense faulting, accompanied by high dip angles of the formations, causing similar differentiations in the relief. Significant lithological differentiations are documented among them, which are further analyzed in relation to stratigraphy, the tectonics, and the erosion rate that changes, due to differentiations of the lithological composition. In addition, the existing hydrological conditions are decisive for further geomorphological evolution. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:44:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3f1d2b1436654a3da6394b77778baa9a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:44:32Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-3f1d2b1436654a3da6394b77778baa9a2023-11-23T22:48:28ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172022-10-0112201067010.3390/app122010670The Geomorphological and Geological Structure of the Samaria Gorge, Crete, Greece—Geological Models Comprehensive Review and the Link with the Geomorphological EvolutionEmmanouil Manoutsoglou0Ilias Lazos1Emmanouil Steiakakis2Antonios Vafeidis3School of Mineral Resources Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 731 00 Chania, GreeceSchool of Mineral Resources Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 731 00 Chania, GreeceSchool of Mineral Resources Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 731 00 Chania, GreeceSchool of Mineral Resources Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 731 00 Chania, GreeceThe Samaria Gorge is a dominant geomorphological and geological structure on Crete Island and it is one of the national parks established in Greece. Due to the complex tectonics and the stratigraphic ambiguities imprinted in the geological formations of the area, a comprehensive review of the geological models referring to the geological evolution of the area is essential in order to clarify its geomorphological evolution. In particular, the study area is geologically structured by the Gigilos formation, the Plattenkalk series and the Trypali unit. Regarding lithology, the Gigilos formation predominantly includes phyllites and slates, while the Plattenkalk series and the Trypali unit are mainly structured by metacarbonate rocks; the Plattenkalk series metacarbonate rocks include cherts, while the corresponding ones of the Trypali unit do not. Furthermore, the wider region was subjected to compressional tectonics, resulting in folding occurrences and intense faulting, accompanied by high dip angles of the formations, causing similar differentiations in the relief. Significant lithological differentiations are documented among them, which are further analyzed in relation to stratigraphy, the tectonics, and the erosion rate that changes, due to differentiations of the lithological composition. In addition, the existing hydrological conditions are decisive for further geomorphological evolution.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/20/10670geomorphological and geological featuresSamaria GorgeWhite MountainsCreteGreece |
| spellingShingle | Emmanouil Manoutsoglou Ilias Lazos Emmanouil Steiakakis Antonios Vafeidis The Geomorphological and Geological Structure of the Samaria Gorge, Crete, Greece—Geological Models Comprehensive Review and the Link with the Geomorphological Evolution Applied Sciences geomorphological and geological features Samaria Gorge White Mountains Crete Greece |
| title | The Geomorphological and Geological Structure of the Samaria Gorge, Crete, Greece—Geological Models Comprehensive Review and the Link with the Geomorphological Evolution |
| title_full | The Geomorphological and Geological Structure of the Samaria Gorge, Crete, Greece—Geological Models Comprehensive Review and the Link with the Geomorphological Evolution |
| title_fullStr | The Geomorphological and Geological Structure of the Samaria Gorge, Crete, Greece—Geological Models Comprehensive Review and the Link with the Geomorphological Evolution |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Geomorphological and Geological Structure of the Samaria Gorge, Crete, Greece—Geological Models Comprehensive Review and the Link with the Geomorphological Evolution |
| title_short | The Geomorphological and Geological Structure of the Samaria Gorge, Crete, Greece—Geological Models Comprehensive Review and the Link with the Geomorphological Evolution |
| title_sort | geomorphological and geological structure of the samaria gorge crete greece geological models comprehensive review and the link with the geomorphological evolution |
| topic | geomorphological and geological features Samaria Gorge White Mountains Crete Greece |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/20/10670 |
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