Testing Proximal Optical Sensors on Quinoa Growth and Development
Proximal optical sensors (POSs) are effective devices for monitoring the development of crops and the nitrogen (N) status of plants. POSs are both useful and necessary in facilitating the reduction of N losses into the environment and in attaining higher nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). To date, no co...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-06-01
|
| Series: | Remote Sensing |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/12/1958 |
| _version_ | 1797564943726280704 |
|---|---|
| author | Jorge Alvar-Beltrán Carolina Fabbri Leonardo Verdi Stefania Truschi Anna Dalla Marta Simone Orlandini |
| author_facet | Jorge Alvar-Beltrán Carolina Fabbri Leonardo Verdi Stefania Truschi Anna Dalla Marta Simone Orlandini |
| author_sort | Jorge Alvar-Beltrán |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Proximal optical sensors (POSs) are effective devices for monitoring the development of crops and the nitrogen (N) status of plants. POSs are both useful and necessary in facilitating the reduction of N losses into the environment and in attaining higher nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). To date, no comparison of these instruments has been made on quinoa. A field experiment conducted in Tuscany, Italy, with different POSs, has assessed the development of quinoa with respect to N status. Three sets of POSs were used (SPAD-502, GreenSeeker, and Canopeo App.) to monitor quinoa development and growth under different types of fertilizers (digestate and urea) and levels of N fertilization (100, 50, and 0 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>). The present findings showed that in-season predictions of crop biomass at harvest by SPAD-502 and GreenSeeker optical sensors were successful in terms of the coefficient of determination (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.68 and 0.82, respectively) and statistical significance (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while the Canopeo App. was suitable for monitoring the plant´s canopy expansion and senescence. The relative error (RE%) showed a remarkably high performance between observed and predicted values, 5.80% and 4.12% for GreenSeeker and SPAD-502, respectively. Overall, the POSs were effective devices for monitoring quinoa development during the growing season and for predicting dry biomass at harvest. However, abiotic stresses (e.g., heat-stress conditions at flowering) were shown to reduce POSs’ accuracy when estimating seed yields at harvest, and this problem will likely be overcome by advancing the sowing date. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:04:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3f24de6c3099442696ae2a8aa68e8b35 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:04:58Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-3f24de6c3099442696ae2a8aa68e8b352023-11-20T04:10:24ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922020-06-011212195810.3390/rs12121958Testing Proximal Optical Sensors on Quinoa Growth and DevelopmentJorge Alvar-Beltrán0Carolina Fabbri1Leonardo Verdi2Stefania Truschi3Anna Dalla Marta4Simone Orlandini5Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, 50144 Florence, ItalyDepartment of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, 50144 Florence, ItalyDepartment of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, 50144 Florence, ItalyFondazione per il Clima e la Sostenibilità, 50145 Florence, ItalyDepartment of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, 50144 Florence, ItalyDepartment of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, 50144 Florence, ItalyProximal optical sensors (POSs) are effective devices for monitoring the development of crops and the nitrogen (N) status of plants. POSs are both useful and necessary in facilitating the reduction of N losses into the environment and in attaining higher nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). To date, no comparison of these instruments has been made on quinoa. A field experiment conducted in Tuscany, Italy, with different POSs, has assessed the development of quinoa with respect to N status. Three sets of POSs were used (SPAD-502, GreenSeeker, and Canopeo App.) to monitor quinoa development and growth under different types of fertilizers (digestate and urea) and levels of N fertilization (100, 50, and 0 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>). The present findings showed that in-season predictions of crop biomass at harvest by SPAD-502 and GreenSeeker optical sensors were successful in terms of the coefficient of determination (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.68 and 0.82, respectively) and statistical significance (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while the Canopeo App. was suitable for monitoring the plant´s canopy expansion and senescence. The relative error (RE%) showed a remarkably high performance between observed and predicted values, 5.80% and 4.12% for GreenSeeker and SPAD-502, respectively. Overall, the POSs were effective devices for monitoring quinoa development during the growing season and for predicting dry biomass at harvest. However, abiotic stresses (e.g., heat-stress conditions at flowering) were shown to reduce POSs’ accuracy when estimating seed yields at harvest, and this problem will likely be overcome by advancing the sowing date.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/12/1958nitrogen fertilizationnormalized difference vegetation indexyield and biomass predictionabiotic stresses |
| spellingShingle | Jorge Alvar-Beltrán Carolina Fabbri Leonardo Verdi Stefania Truschi Anna Dalla Marta Simone Orlandini Testing Proximal Optical Sensors on Quinoa Growth and Development Remote Sensing nitrogen fertilization normalized difference vegetation index yield and biomass prediction abiotic stresses |
| title | Testing Proximal Optical Sensors on Quinoa Growth and Development |
| title_full | Testing Proximal Optical Sensors on Quinoa Growth and Development |
| title_fullStr | Testing Proximal Optical Sensors on Quinoa Growth and Development |
| title_full_unstemmed | Testing Proximal Optical Sensors on Quinoa Growth and Development |
| title_short | Testing Proximal Optical Sensors on Quinoa Growth and Development |
| title_sort | testing proximal optical sensors on quinoa growth and development |
| topic | nitrogen fertilization normalized difference vegetation index yield and biomass prediction abiotic stresses |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/12/1958 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jorgealvarbeltran testingproximalopticalsensorsonquinoagrowthanddevelopment AT carolinafabbri testingproximalopticalsensorsonquinoagrowthanddevelopment AT leonardoverdi testingproximalopticalsensorsonquinoagrowthanddevelopment AT stefaniatruschi testingproximalopticalsensorsonquinoagrowthanddevelopment AT annadallamarta testingproximalopticalsensorsonquinoagrowthanddevelopment AT simoneorlandini testingproximalopticalsensorsonquinoagrowthanddevelopment |