Neurobiological Basis of Increased Risk for Suicidal Behaviour
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 700,000 people die per year due to suicide. Suicide risk factors include a previous suicide attempt and psychiatric disorders. The highest mortality rate in suicide worldwide is due to depression. Current evidence suggests that suicide etio...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/10/2519 |
| _version_ | 1797514990627848192 |
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| author | Aleksandra Wisłowska-Stanek Karolina Kołosowska Piotr Maciejak |
| author_facet | Aleksandra Wisłowska-Stanek Karolina Kołosowska Piotr Maciejak |
| author_sort | Aleksandra Wisłowska-Stanek |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 700,000 people die per year due to suicide. Suicide risk factors include a previous suicide attempt and psychiatric disorders. The highest mortality rate in suicide worldwide is due to depression. Current evidence suggests that suicide etiopathogenesis is associated with neuroinflammation that activates the kynurenine pathway and causes subsequent serotonin depletion and stimulation of glutamate neurotransmission. These changes are accompanied by decreased BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) levels in the brain, which is often linked to impaired neuroplasticity and cognitive deficits. Most suicidal patients have a hyperactive hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. Epigenetic mechanisms control the above-mentioned neurobiological changes associated with suicidal behaviour. Suicide risk could be attenuated by appropriate psychological treatment, electroconvulsive treatment, and drugs: lithium, ketamine, esketamine, clozapine. In this review, we present the etiopathogenesis of suicide behaviour and explore the mechanisms of action of anti-suicidal treatments, pinpointing similarities among them. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:39:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3f25e9921dbb49b59a9f5bdb985fe6e4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:39:21Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-3f25e9921dbb49b59a9f5bdb985fe6e42023-11-22T17:44:56ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092021-09-011010251910.3390/cells10102519Neurobiological Basis of Increased Risk for Suicidal BehaviourAleksandra Wisłowska-Stanek0Karolina Kołosowska1Piotr Maciejak2Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CEPT), Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1B Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Neurochemistry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 9 Sobieskiego Street, 02-957 Warsaw, PolandCentre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CEPT), Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1B Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, PolandAccording to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 700,000 people die per year due to suicide. Suicide risk factors include a previous suicide attempt and psychiatric disorders. The highest mortality rate in suicide worldwide is due to depression. Current evidence suggests that suicide etiopathogenesis is associated with neuroinflammation that activates the kynurenine pathway and causes subsequent serotonin depletion and stimulation of glutamate neurotransmission. These changes are accompanied by decreased BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) levels in the brain, which is often linked to impaired neuroplasticity and cognitive deficits. Most suicidal patients have a hyperactive hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. Epigenetic mechanisms control the above-mentioned neurobiological changes associated with suicidal behaviour. Suicide risk could be attenuated by appropriate psychological treatment, electroconvulsive treatment, and drugs: lithium, ketamine, esketamine, clozapine. In this review, we present the etiopathogenesis of suicide behaviour and explore the mechanisms of action of anti-suicidal treatments, pinpointing similarities among them.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/10/2519suicideserotoninkynurenine pathwaycortisolBDNFepigenetics |
| spellingShingle | Aleksandra Wisłowska-Stanek Karolina Kołosowska Piotr Maciejak Neurobiological Basis of Increased Risk for Suicidal Behaviour Cells suicide serotonin kynurenine pathway cortisol BDNF epigenetics |
| title | Neurobiological Basis of Increased Risk for Suicidal Behaviour |
| title_full | Neurobiological Basis of Increased Risk for Suicidal Behaviour |
| title_fullStr | Neurobiological Basis of Increased Risk for Suicidal Behaviour |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neurobiological Basis of Increased Risk for Suicidal Behaviour |
| title_short | Neurobiological Basis of Increased Risk for Suicidal Behaviour |
| title_sort | neurobiological basis of increased risk for suicidal behaviour |
| topic | suicide serotonin kynurenine pathway cortisol BDNF epigenetics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/10/2519 |
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