1,2-Propylene Glycol: A Biomarker of Exposure Specific to e-Cigarette Consumption
Over the past decade, new emerging tobacco and nicotine-delivery products have changed the tobacco landscape. Especially, electronic cigarettes (ECs) have been suggested to be considered for tobacco harm reduction, reinforcing the need to identify novel biomarkers of exposure (BoE) specific to the E...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Separations |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/8/10/180 |
| _version_ | 1797513122253111296 |
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| author | Therese Burkhardt Nikola Pluym Gerhard Scherer Max Scherer |
| author_facet | Therese Burkhardt Nikola Pluym Gerhard Scherer Max Scherer |
| author_sort | Therese Burkhardt |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Over the past decade, new emerging tobacco and nicotine-delivery products have changed the tobacco landscape. Especially, electronic cigarettes (ECs) have been suggested to be considered for tobacco harm reduction, reinforcing the need to identify novel biomarkers of exposure (BoE) specific to the EC use as this would complement exposure assessment and product compliance monitoring. Therefore, a sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of 1,2-propylene glycol (PG) and glycerol (G), the main e-liquid constituents, was established. PG and G were analyzed in plasma and urine samples from a clinical study comparing five nicotine product user groups, users of combustible cigarettes (CC), electronic cigarettes (EC), heated tobacco products (HTP), oral tobacco (OT), and oral/dermal nicotine delivery products (used for nicotine replacement therapy, NRT) with a control group of non-users (NU). Data demonstrate significantly elevated PG levels in urine and plasma in EC users compared to users of CC, HTP, NRT, OT as well as NU. In addition, PG in plasma and urine of vapers significantly correlated with nicotine (plasma) and total nicotine equivalents (urine), biomarkers reflecting product consumption, emphasizing the high specificity of PG as a BoE for EC consumption. We therefore suggest the use of PG as BoE in urine and/or plasma in order to monitor EC use compliance in exposure assessments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:12:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3f25fea676c74e8bbb7e1460407c59d5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-8739 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:12:12Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Separations |
| spelling | doaj.art-3f25fea676c74e8bbb7e1460407c59d52023-11-22T20:00:15ZengMDPI AGSeparations2297-87392021-10-0181018010.3390/separations81001801,2-Propylene Glycol: A Biomarker of Exposure Specific to e-Cigarette ConsumptionTherese Burkhardt0Nikola Pluym1Gerhard Scherer2Max Scherer3ABF Analytisch-Biologisches Forschungslabor GmbH, Semmelweisstr. 5, 82152 Planegg, GermanyABF Analytisch-Biologisches Forschungslabor GmbH, Semmelweisstr. 5, 82152 Planegg, GermanyABF Analytisch-Biologisches Forschungslabor GmbH, Semmelweisstr. 5, 82152 Planegg, GermanyABF Analytisch-Biologisches Forschungslabor GmbH, Semmelweisstr. 5, 82152 Planegg, GermanyOver the past decade, new emerging tobacco and nicotine-delivery products have changed the tobacco landscape. Especially, electronic cigarettes (ECs) have been suggested to be considered for tobacco harm reduction, reinforcing the need to identify novel biomarkers of exposure (BoE) specific to the EC use as this would complement exposure assessment and product compliance monitoring. Therefore, a sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of 1,2-propylene glycol (PG) and glycerol (G), the main e-liquid constituents, was established. PG and G were analyzed in plasma and urine samples from a clinical study comparing five nicotine product user groups, users of combustible cigarettes (CC), electronic cigarettes (EC), heated tobacco products (HTP), oral tobacco (OT), and oral/dermal nicotine delivery products (used for nicotine replacement therapy, NRT) with a control group of non-users (NU). Data demonstrate significantly elevated PG levels in urine and plasma in EC users compared to users of CC, HTP, NRT, OT as well as NU. In addition, PG in plasma and urine of vapers significantly correlated with nicotine (plasma) and total nicotine equivalents (urine), biomarkers reflecting product consumption, emphasizing the high specificity of PG as a BoE for EC consumption. We therefore suggest the use of PG as BoE in urine and/or plasma in order to monitor EC use compliance in exposure assessments.https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/8/10/180propylene glycolelectronic cigarettebiomarker of exposurecompliance marker |
| spellingShingle | Therese Burkhardt Nikola Pluym Gerhard Scherer Max Scherer 1,2-Propylene Glycol: A Biomarker of Exposure Specific to e-Cigarette Consumption Separations propylene glycol electronic cigarette biomarker of exposure compliance marker |
| title | 1,2-Propylene Glycol: A Biomarker of Exposure Specific to e-Cigarette Consumption |
| title_full | 1,2-Propylene Glycol: A Biomarker of Exposure Specific to e-Cigarette Consumption |
| title_fullStr | 1,2-Propylene Glycol: A Biomarker of Exposure Specific to e-Cigarette Consumption |
| title_full_unstemmed | 1,2-Propylene Glycol: A Biomarker of Exposure Specific to e-Cigarette Consumption |
| title_short | 1,2-Propylene Glycol: A Biomarker of Exposure Specific to e-Cigarette Consumption |
| title_sort | 1 2 propylene glycol a biomarker of exposure specific to e cigarette consumption |
| topic | propylene glycol electronic cigarette biomarker of exposure compliance marker |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/8/10/180 |
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