Ambient Temperature Self-Blowing Tannin-Humins Biofoams
Ambient temperature self-blowing tannin–furanic foams have been prepared by substituting a great part—even a majority—of furfuryl alcohol with humins, a polyfuranic material derived from the acid treatment at high temperature of fructose. Closed-cell foams were prepared at room temperature and curin...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/11/2732 |
| _version_ | 1797547618970107904 |
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| author | Xinyi Chen Nathanael Guigo Antonio Pizzi Nicolas Sbirrazzuoli Bin Li Emmanuel Fredon Christine Gerardin |
| author_facet | Xinyi Chen Nathanael Guigo Antonio Pizzi Nicolas Sbirrazzuoli Bin Li Emmanuel Fredon Christine Gerardin |
| author_sort | Xinyi Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ambient temperature self-blowing tannin–furanic foams have been prepared by substituting a great part—even a majority—of furfuryl alcohol with humins, a polyfuranic material derived from the acid treatment at high temperature of fructose. Closed-cell foams were prepared at room temperature and curing, while interconnected-cell foams were prepared at 80 °C and curing, this being due to the more vigorous evaporation of the solvent. These foams appear to present similar characteristics as other tannin–furanic foams based only on furfuryl alcohol. A series of tannin–humins–furfuryl alcohol oligomer structures have been defined indicating that all three reagents co-react. Humins appeared to react well with condensed tannins, even higher molecular weight humins species, and even at ambient temperature, but they react slower than furfuryl alcohol. This is due to their high average molecular weight and high viscosity, causing their reaction with other species to be diffusion controlled. Thus, small increases in solvent led to foams with less cracks and open structures. It showed that furfuryl alcohol appears to also have a role as a humins solvent, and not just as a co-reagent and self-polymerization heat generator for foam expansion and hardening. Stress-strain for the different foams showed a higher compressive strength for both the foam with the lowest and the highest proportion of humins, thus in the dominant proportions of either furfuryl alcohol or the humins. Thus, due to their slower reactivity as their proportion increases to a certain critical level, more of them do proportionally participate within the expansion/curing time of the foam to the reaction. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:46:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3f32e12fa1ad4f30ab6af5f156e705b9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:46:38Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-3f32e12fa1ad4f30ab6af5f156e705b92023-11-20T21:19:23ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602020-11-011211273210.3390/polym12112732Ambient Temperature Self-Blowing Tannin-Humins BiofoamsXinyi Chen0Nathanael Guigo1Antonio Pizzi2Nicolas Sbirrazzuoli3Bin Li4Emmanuel Fredon5Christine Gerardin6LERMAB, University of Lorraine, 27 rue Philippe Seguin, 88000 Epinal, FranceDepartment of Chemistry, University of the Cote d’Azur, 06103 Nice, FranceLERMAB, University of Lorraine, 27 rue Philippe Seguin, 88000 Epinal, FranceDepartment of Chemistry, University of the Cote d’Azur, 06103 Nice, FranceDepartment of Chemistry, University of the Cote d’Azur, 06103 Nice, FranceLERMAB, University of Lorraine, 27 rue Philippe Seguin, 88000 Epinal, FranceLERMAB, University of Lorraine, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, 54000 Nancy, FranceAmbient temperature self-blowing tannin–furanic foams have been prepared by substituting a great part—even a majority—of furfuryl alcohol with humins, a polyfuranic material derived from the acid treatment at high temperature of fructose. Closed-cell foams were prepared at room temperature and curing, while interconnected-cell foams were prepared at 80 °C and curing, this being due to the more vigorous evaporation of the solvent. These foams appear to present similar characteristics as other tannin–furanic foams based only on furfuryl alcohol. A series of tannin–humins–furfuryl alcohol oligomer structures have been defined indicating that all three reagents co-react. Humins appeared to react well with condensed tannins, even higher molecular weight humins species, and even at ambient temperature, but they react slower than furfuryl alcohol. This is due to their high average molecular weight and high viscosity, causing their reaction with other species to be diffusion controlled. Thus, small increases in solvent led to foams with less cracks and open structures. It showed that furfuryl alcohol appears to also have a role as a humins solvent, and not just as a co-reagent and self-polymerization heat generator for foam expansion and hardening. Stress-strain for the different foams showed a higher compressive strength for both the foam with the lowest and the highest proportion of humins, thus in the dominant proportions of either furfuryl alcohol or the humins. Thus, due to their slower reactivity as their proportion increases to a certain critical level, more of them do proportionally participate within the expansion/curing time of the foam to the reaction.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/11/2732huminsfoamstanninstannin–furanic foamsambient temperatureself-blowing |
| spellingShingle | Xinyi Chen Nathanael Guigo Antonio Pizzi Nicolas Sbirrazzuoli Bin Li Emmanuel Fredon Christine Gerardin Ambient Temperature Self-Blowing Tannin-Humins Biofoams Polymers humins foams tannins tannin–furanic foams ambient temperature self-blowing |
| title | Ambient Temperature Self-Blowing Tannin-Humins Biofoams |
| title_full | Ambient Temperature Self-Blowing Tannin-Humins Biofoams |
| title_fullStr | Ambient Temperature Self-Blowing Tannin-Humins Biofoams |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ambient Temperature Self-Blowing Tannin-Humins Biofoams |
| title_short | Ambient Temperature Self-Blowing Tannin-Humins Biofoams |
| title_sort | ambient temperature self blowing tannin humins biofoams |
| topic | humins foams tannins tannin–furanic foams ambient temperature self-blowing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/11/2732 |
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