Mechanical Entropy and Its Implications
Abstract: It is shown that the classical laws of thermodynamics require that mechanical systems must exhibit energy that becomes unavailable to do useful work. In thermodynamics, this type of energy is called entropy. It is further shown that these laws require two metrical manifolds, equations of m...
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2001-06-01
|
| Series: | Entropy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/3/3/76/ |
| _version_ | 1818037731545055232 |
|---|---|
| author | Pharis E. Williams |
| author_facet | Pharis E. Williams |
| author_sort | Pharis E. Williams |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract: It is shown that the classical laws of thermodynamics require that mechanical systems must exhibit energy that becomes unavailable to do useful work. In thermodynamics, this type of energy is called entropy. It is further shown that these laws require two metrical manifolds, equations of motion, field equations, and Weyl's quantum principles. Weyl's quantum principle requires quantization of the electrostatic potential of a particle and that this potential be non-singular. The interactions of particles through these non-singular electrostatic potentials are analyzed in the low velocity limit and in the relativistic limit. It is shown that writing the two particle interactions for unlike particles allows an examination in two limiting cases: large and small separations. These limits are shown to have the limiting motions of: all motions are ABOUT the center of mass or all motion is OF the center of mass. The first limit leads to the standard Dirac equation. The second limit is shown to have equations of which the electroweak theory is a subset. An extension of the gauge principle into a five-dimensional manifold, then restricting the generality of the five-dimensional manifold by using the conservation principle, shows that the four-dimensional hypersurface that is embedded within the 5-D manifold is required to obey Einstein's field equations. The 5-D gravitational quantum equations of the solar system are presented. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T07:31:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3f34078e1b24402c8e418504d0527a92 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1099-4300 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T07:31:30Z |
| publishDate | 2001-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Entropy |
| spelling | doaj.art-3f34078e1b24402c8e418504d0527a922022-12-22T01:57:32ZengMDPI AGEntropy1099-43002001-06-01337611510.3390/e3030076Mechanical Entropy and Its ImplicationsPharis E. WilliamsAbstract: It is shown that the classical laws of thermodynamics require that mechanical systems must exhibit energy that becomes unavailable to do useful work. In thermodynamics, this type of energy is called entropy. It is further shown that these laws require two metrical manifolds, equations of motion, field equations, and Weyl's quantum principles. Weyl's quantum principle requires quantization of the electrostatic potential of a particle and that this potential be non-singular. The interactions of particles through these non-singular electrostatic potentials are analyzed in the low velocity limit and in the relativistic limit. It is shown that writing the two particle interactions for unlike particles allows an examination in two limiting cases: large and small separations. These limits are shown to have the limiting motions of: all motions are ABOUT the center of mass or all motion is OF the center of mass. The first limit leads to the standard Dirac equation. The second limit is shown to have equations of which the electroweak theory is a subset. An extension of the gauge principle into a five-dimensional manifold, then restricting the generality of the five-dimensional manifold by using the conservation principle, shows that the four-dimensional hypersurface that is embedded within the 5-D manifold is required to obey Einstein's field equations. The 5-D gravitational quantum equations of the solar system are presented.http://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/3/3/76/mechanical entropyentropy manifoldgeometry quantum echanicsquantum gravitySU(2)SU(3) |
| spellingShingle | Pharis E. Williams Mechanical Entropy and Its Implications Entropy mechanical entropy entropy manifold geometry quantum echanics quantum gravity SU(2) SU(3) |
| title | Mechanical Entropy and Its Implications |
| title_full | Mechanical Entropy and Its Implications |
| title_fullStr | Mechanical Entropy and Its Implications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanical Entropy and Its Implications |
| title_short | Mechanical Entropy and Its Implications |
| title_sort | mechanical entropy and its implications |
| topic | mechanical entropy entropy manifold geometry quantum echanics quantum gravity SU(2) SU(3) |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/3/3/76/ |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT pharisewilliams mechanicalentropyanditsimplications |