Integrated Fiber Ring Laser Temperature Sensor Based on Vernier Effect with Lyot–Sagnac Interferometer
The Vernier effect created using an incorporated Lyot–Sagnac loop is used to create an ultra-high sensitivity temperature sensor based on a ring laser cavity. Unlike standard double Sagnac loop systems, the proposed sensor is fused into a single Sagnac loop by adjusting the welding angle between two...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/14/6632 |
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| author | Yuhui Liu Weihao Lin Jie Hu Fang Zhao Feihong Yu Shuaiqi Liu Jinna Chen Huanhuan Liu Perry Ping Shum Xuming Zhang |
| author_facet | Yuhui Liu Weihao Lin Jie Hu Fang Zhao Feihong Yu Shuaiqi Liu Jinna Chen Huanhuan Liu Perry Ping Shum Xuming Zhang |
| author_sort | Yuhui Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Vernier effect created using an incorporated Lyot–Sagnac loop is used to create an ultra-high sensitivity temperature sensor based on a ring laser cavity. Unlike standard double Sagnac loop systems, the proposed sensor is fused into a single Sagnac loop by adjusting the welding angle between two polarization-maintaining fibers (PMFs) to achieve effective temperature sensitivity amplification. The PMFs are separated into two arms of 0.8 m and 1 m in length, with a 45° angle difference between the fast axes. The sensor’s performance is examined both theoretically and experimentally. The experimental results reveal that the Vernier amplification effect can be achieved via PMF rotating shaft welding. The temperature sensitivity in the laser cavity can reach 2.391 nm/°C, which is increased by a factor of more than eight times compared with a single Sagnac loop structure (0.298 nm/°C) with a length of 0.8 m without the Vernier effect at temperatures ranging from 20 °C to 30 °C. Furthermore, unlike traditional optical fiber sensing that uses a broadband light source (BBS) for detection, which causes issues such as low signal-to-noise ratio and broad bandwidth, the Sagnac loop can be employed as a filter by inserting itself into the fiber ring laser (FRL) cavity. When the external parameters change, the laser is offset by the interference general modulation, allowing the external temperature to be monitored. The superior performance of signal-to-noise ratios of up to 50 dB and bandwidths of less than 0.2 nm is achieved. The proposed sensor has a simple structure and high sensitivity and is expected to play a role in biological cell activity monitoring. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:39:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3f39f66c03be407bab60397a67e1d0af |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:39:54Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-3f39f66c03be407bab60397a67e1d0af2023-11-18T21:20:26ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202023-07-012314663210.3390/s23146632Integrated Fiber Ring Laser Temperature Sensor Based on Vernier Effect with Lyot–Sagnac InterferometerYuhui Liu0Weihao Lin1Jie Hu2Fang Zhao3Feihong Yu4Shuaiqi Liu5Jinna Chen6Huanhuan Liu7Perry Ping Shum8Xuming Zhang9Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, ChinaDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, ChinaDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, ChinaDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, ChinaDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, ChinaDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, ChinaDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, ChinaDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, ChinaDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, ChinaDepartment of Applied Physics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hongkong 999077, ChinaThe Vernier effect created using an incorporated Lyot–Sagnac loop is used to create an ultra-high sensitivity temperature sensor based on a ring laser cavity. Unlike standard double Sagnac loop systems, the proposed sensor is fused into a single Sagnac loop by adjusting the welding angle between two polarization-maintaining fibers (PMFs) to achieve effective temperature sensitivity amplification. The PMFs are separated into two arms of 0.8 m and 1 m in length, with a 45° angle difference between the fast axes. The sensor’s performance is examined both theoretically and experimentally. The experimental results reveal that the Vernier amplification effect can be achieved via PMF rotating shaft welding. The temperature sensitivity in the laser cavity can reach 2.391 nm/°C, which is increased by a factor of more than eight times compared with a single Sagnac loop structure (0.298 nm/°C) with a length of 0.8 m without the Vernier effect at temperatures ranging from 20 °C to 30 °C. Furthermore, unlike traditional optical fiber sensing that uses a broadband light source (BBS) for detection, which causes issues such as low signal-to-noise ratio and broad bandwidth, the Sagnac loop can be employed as a filter by inserting itself into the fiber ring laser (FRL) cavity. When the external parameters change, the laser is offset by the interference general modulation, allowing the external temperature to be monitored. The superior performance of signal-to-noise ratios of up to 50 dB and bandwidths of less than 0.2 nm is achieved. The proposed sensor has a simple structure and high sensitivity and is expected to play a role in biological cell activity monitoring.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/14/6632temperature sensorLyot–Sagnac loopfiber ring laser |
| spellingShingle | Yuhui Liu Weihao Lin Jie Hu Fang Zhao Feihong Yu Shuaiqi Liu Jinna Chen Huanhuan Liu Perry Ping Shum Xuming Zhang Integrated Fiber Ring Laser Temperature Sensor Based on Vernier Effect with Lyot–Sagnac Interferometer Sensors temperature sensor Lyot–Sagnac loop fiber ring laser |
| title | Integrated Fiber Ring Laser Temperature Sensor Based on Vernier Effect with Lyot–Sagnac Interferometer |
| title_full | Integrated Fiber Ring Laser Temperature Sensor Based on Vernier Effect with Lyot–Sagnac Interferometer |
| title_fullStr | Integrated Fiber Ring Laser Temperature Sensor Based on Vernier Effect with Lyot–Sagnac Interferometer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Integrated Fiber Ring Laser Temperature Sensor Based on Vernier Effect with Lyot–Sagnac Interferometer |
| title_short | Integrated Fiber Ring Laser Temperature Sensor Based on Vernier Effect with Lyot–Sagnac Interferometer |
| title_sort | integrated fiber ring laser temperature sensor based on vernier effect with lyot sagnac interferometer |
| topic | temperature sensor Lyot–Sagnac loop fiber ring laser |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/14/6632 |
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