Alginate Gel-Based Carriers for Encapsulation of Carotenoids: On Challenges and Applications
Sodium alginate is one of the most interesting and the most investigated and applied biopolymers due to its advantageous properties. Among them, easy, simple, mild, rapid, non-toxic gelation by divalent cations is the most important. In addition, it is abundant, low-cost, eco-friendly, bio-compatibl...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Gels |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/9/8/620 |
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| author | Milan Milivojević Aleksandra Popović Ivana Pajić-Lijaković Ivan Šoštarić Stefan Kolašinac Zora Dajić Stevanović |
| author_facet | Milan Milivojević Aleksandra Popović Ivana Pajić-Lijaković Ivan Šoštarić Stefan Kolašinac Zora Dajić Stevanović |
| author_sort | Milan Milivojević |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sodium alginate is one of the most interesting and the most investigated and applied biopolymers due to its advantageous properties. Among them, easy, simple, mild, rapid, non-toxic gelation by divalent cations is the most important. In addition, it is abundant, low-cost, eco-friendly, bio-compatible, bio-adhesive, biodegradable, stable, etc. All those properties were systematically considered within this review. Carotenoids are functional components in the human diet with plenty of health benefits. However, their sensitivity to environmental and process stresses, chemical instability, easy oxidation, low water solubility, and bioavailability limit their food and pharmaceutical applications. Encapsulation may help in overcoming these limitations and within this review, the role of alginate-based encapsulation systems in improving the stability and bioavailability of carotenoids is explored. It may be concluded that all alginate-based systems increase carotenoid stability, but only those of micro- and nano-size, as well as emulsion-based, may improve their low bioaccessibility. In addition, the incorporation of other biopolymers may further improve encapsulation system properties. Furthermore, the main techniques for evaluating the encapsulation are briefly considered. This review critically and profoundly explains the role of alginates in improving the encapsulation process of carotenoids, suggesting the best alternatives for those systems. Moreover, it provides a comprehensive cover of recent advances in this field. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:55:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3f461a063d364962810fc6ce2f0a0199 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2310-2861 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:55:09Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Gels |
| spelling | doaj.art-3f461a063d364962810fc6ce2f0a01992023-11-19T01:13:19ZengMDPI AGGels2310-28612023-08-019862010.3390/gels9080620Alginate Gel-Based Carriers for Encapsulation of Carotenoids: On Challenges and ApplicationsMilan Milivojević0Aleksandra Popović1Ivana Pajić-Lijaković2Ivan Šoštarić3Stefan Kolašinac4Zora Dajić Stevanović5Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, SerbiaFaculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, SerbiaFaculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, SerbiaFaculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, SerbiaFaculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, SerbiaFaculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, SerbiaSodium alginate is one of the most interesting and the most investigated and applied biopolymers due to its advantageous properties. Among them, easy, simple, mild, rapid, non-toxic gelation by divalent cations is the most important. In addition, it is abundant, low-cost, eco-friendly, bio-compatible, bio-adhesive, biodegradable, stable, etc. All those properties were systematically considered within this review. Carotenoids are functional components in the human diet with plenty of health benefits. However, their sensitivity to environmental and process stresses, chemical instability, easy oxidation, low water solubility, and bioavailability limit their food and pharmaceutical applications. Encapsulation may help in overcoming these limitations and within this review, the role of alginate-based encapsulation systems in improving the stability and bioavailability of carotenoids is explored. It may be concluded that all alginate-based systems increase carotenoid stability, but only those of micro- and nano-size, as well as emulsion-based, may improve their low bioaccessibility. In addition, the incorporation of other biopolymers may further improve encapsulation system properties. Furthermore, the main techniques for evaluating the encapsulation are briefly considered. This review critically and profoundly explains the role of alginates in improving the encapsulation process of carotenoids, suggesting the best alternatives for those systems. Moreover, it provides a comprehensive cover of recent advances in this field.https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/9/8/620alginate gelcarotenoidsfood encapsulationRaman spectroscopycontrolled releasereview |
| spellingShingle | Milan Milivojević Aleksandra Popović Ivana Pajić-Lijaković Ivan Šoštarić Stefan Kolašinac Zora Dajić Stevanović Alginate Gel-Based Carriers for Encapsulation of Carotenoids: On Challenges and Applications Gels alginate gel carotenoids food encapsulation Raman spectroscopy controlled release review |
| title | Alginate Gel-Based Carriers for Encapsulation of Carotenoids: On Challenges and Applications |
| title_full | Alginate Gel-Based Carriers for Encapsulation of Carotenoids: On Challenges and Applications |
| title_fullStr | Alginate Gel-Based Carriers for Encapsulation of Carotenoids: On Challenges and Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Alginate Gel-Based Carriers for Encapsulation of Carotenoids: On Challenges and Applications |
| title_short | Alginate Gel-Based Carriers for Encapsulation of Carotenoids: On Challenges and Applications |
| title_sort | alginate gel based carriers for encapsulation of carotenoids on challenges and applications |
| topic | alginate gel carotenoids food encapsulation Raman spectroscopy controlled release review |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/9/8/620 |
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