A Rapid HPLC-UV Protocol Coupled to Chemometric Analysis for the Determination of the Major Phenolic Constituents and Tocopherol Content in Almonds and the Discrimination of the Geographical Origin
Reversed phase-high-pressure liquid chromatographic methodologies equipped with UV detector (RP-HPLC-UV) were developed for the determination of phenolic compounds and tocopherols in almonds. Nineteen samples of <i>Texas</i> almonds originating from USA and Greece were analyzed and 7 phe...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/18/5433 |
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| author | Natasa P. Kalogiouri Petros D. Mitsikaris Dimitris Klaoudatos Athanasios N. Papadopoulos Victoria F. Samanidou |
| author_facet | Natasa P. Kalogiouri Petros D. Mitsikaris Dimitris Klaoudatos Athanasios N. Papadopoulos Victoria F. Samanidou |
| author_sort | Natasa P. Kalogiouri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Reversed phase-high-pressure liquid chromatographic methodologies equipped with UV detector (RP-HPLC-UV) were developed for the determination of phenolic compounds and tocopherols in almonds. Nineteen samples of <i>Texas</i> almonds originating from USA and Greece were analyzed and 7 phenolic acids, 7 flavonoids, and tocopherols (−α, −β + γ) were determined. The analytical methodologies were validated and presented excellent linearity (r<sup>2</sup> > 0.99), high recoveries over the range between 83.1 (syringic acid) to 95.5% (ferulic acid) for within-day assay (<i>n</i> = 6), and between 90.2 (diosmin) to 103.4% (rosmarinic acid) for between-day assay (<i>n</i> = 3 × 3), for phenolic compounds, and between 95.1 and 100.4% for within-day assay (<i>n</i> = 6), and between 93.2–96.2% for between-day assay (<i>n</i> = 3 × 3) for tocopherols. The analytes were further quantified, and the results were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA), and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) to investigate potential differences between the bioactive content of almonds and the geographical origin. A decision tree (DT) was developed for the prediction of the geographical origin of almonds proposing a characteristic marker with a concentration threshold, proving to be a promising and reliable tool for the guarantee of the authenticity of the almonds. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:23:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3f4bbaae84244588aadbbb42caa4fde1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:23:59Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-3f4bbaae84244588aadbbb42caa4fde12023-11-22T14:22:59ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-09-012618543310.3390/molecules26185433A Rapid HPLC-UV Protocol Coupled to Chemometric Analysis for the Determination of the Major Phenolic Constituents and Tocopherol Content in Almonds and the Discrimination of the Geographical OriginNatasa P. Kalogiouri0Petros D. Mitsikaris1Dimitris Klaoudatos2Athanasios N. Papadopoulos3Victoria F. Samanidou4Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, GreeceLaboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Sindos, 57400 Thessaloniki, GreeceLaboratory of Oceanography, Department of Ichthyology and Aquatic Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, 38446 Volos, GreeceLaboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Sindos, 57400 Thessaloniki, GreeceLaboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, GreeceReversed phase-high-pressure liquid chromatographic methodologies equipped with UV detector (RP-HPLC-UV) were developed for the determination of phenolic compounds and tocopherols in almonds. Nineteen samples of <i>Texas</i> almonds originating from USA and Greece were analyzed and 7 phenolic acids, 7 flavonoids, and tocopherols (−α, −β + γ) were determined. The analytical methodologies were validated and presented excellent linearity (r<sup>2</sup> > 0.99), high recoveries over the range between 83.1 (syringic acid) to 95.5% (ferulic acid) for within-day assay (<i>n</i> = 6), and between 90.2 (diosmin) to 103.4% (rosmarinic acid) for between-day assay (<i>n</i> = 3 × 3), for phenolic compounds, and between 95.1 and 100.4% for within-day assay (<i>n</i> = 6), and between 93.2–96.2% for between-day assay (<i>n</i> = 3 × 3) for tocopherols. The analytes were further quantified, and the results were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA), and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) to investigate potential differences between the bioactive content of almonds and the geographical origin. A decision tree (DT) was developed for the prediction of the geographical origin of almonds proposing a characteristic marker with a concentration threshold, proving to be a promising and reliable tool for the guarantee of the authenticity of the almonds.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/18/5433almondsHPLCauthenticityPCAtocopherolsphenolics |
| spellingShingle | Natasa P. Kalogiouri Petros D. Mitsikaris Dimitris Klaoudatos Athanasios N. Papadopoulos Victoria F. Samanidou A Rapid HPLC-UV Protocol Coupled to Chemometric Analysis for the Determination of the Major Phenolic Constituents and Tocopherol Content in Almonds and the Discrimination of the Geographical Origin Molecules almonds HPLC authenticity PCA tocopherols phenolics |
| title | A Rapid HPLC-UV Protocol Coupled to Chemometric Analysis for the Determination of the Major Phenolic Constituents and Tocopherol Content in Almonds and the Discrimination of the Geographical Origin |
| title_full | A Rapid HPLC-UV Protocol Coupled to Chemometric Analysis for the Determination of the Major Phenolic Constituents and Tocopherol Content in Almonds and the Discrimination of the Geographical Origin |
| title_fullStr | A Rapid HPLC-UV Protocol Coupled to Chemometric Analysis for the Determination of the Major Phenolic Constituents and Tocopherol Content in Almonds and the Discrimination of the Geographical Origin |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Rapid HPLC-UV Protocol Coupled to Chemometric Analysis for the Determination of the Major Phenolic Constituents and Tocopherol Content in Almonds and the Discrimination of the Geographical Origin |
| title_short | A Rapid HPLC-UV Protocol Coupled to Chemometric Analysis for the Determination of the Major Phenolic Constituents and Tocopherol Content in Almonds and the Discrimination of the Geographical Origin |
| title_sort | rapid hplc uv protocol coupled to chemometric analysis for the determination of the major phenolic constituents and tocopherol content in almonds and the discrimination of the geographical origin |
| topic | almonds HPLC authenticity PCA tocopherols phenolics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/18/5433 |
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