High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer—A Risk Factor Puzzle and Screening Fugitive
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the most lethal tumor of the female genital tract. Despite extensive studies and the identification of some precursor lesions like serous tubal intraepithelial cancer (STIC) or the deviated mutational status of the patients (<i>BRCA</i> germina...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/1/229 |
| _version_ | 1797340001022771200 |
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| author | Jacek Wilczyński Edyta Paradowska Miłosz Wilczyński |
| author_facet | Jacek Wilczyński Edyta Paradowska Miłosz Wilczyński |
| author_sort | Jacek Wilczyński |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the most lethal tumor of the female genital tract. Despite extensive studies and the identification of some precursor lesions like serous tubal intraepithelial cancer (STIC) or the deviated mutational status of the patients (<i>BRCA</i> germinal mutation), the pathophysiology of HGSOC and the existence of particular risk factors is still a puzzle. Moreover, a lack of screening programs results in delayed diagnosis, which is accompanied by a secondary chemo-resistance of the tumor and usually results in a high recurrence rate after the primary therapy. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify the substantial risk factors for both predisposed and low-risk populations of women, as well as to create an economically and clinically justified screening program. This paper reviews the classic and novel risk factors for HGSOC and methods of diagnosis and prediction, including serum biomarkers, the liquid biopsy of circulating tumor cells or circulating tumor DNA, epigenetic markers, exosomes, and genomic and proteomic biomarkers. The novel future complex approach to ovarian cancer diagnosis should be devised based on these findings, and the general outcome of such an approach is proposed and discussed in the paper. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:56:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3f559f9d301944a99e2725262a67cac2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:56:44Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-3f559f9d301944a99e2725262a67cac22024-01-29T13:47:59ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592024-01-0112122910.3390/biomedicines12010229High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer—A Risk Factor Puzzle and Screening FugitiveJacek Wilczyński0Edyta Paradowska1Miłosz Wilczyński2Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, 4 Kosciuszki Str., 90-419 Lodz, PolandLaboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Str., 93-232 Lodz, PolandDepartment of Surgical, Endoscopic and Gynecological Oncology, Polish Mother’s Health Center—Research Institute, 281/289 Rzgowska Str., 93-338 Lodz, PolandHigh-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the most lethal tumor of the female genital tract. Despite extensive studies and the identification of some precursor lesions like serous tubal intraepithelial cancer (STIC) or the deviated mutational status of the patients (<i>BRCA</i> germinal mutation), the pathophysiology of HGSOC and the existence of particular risk factors is still a puzzle. Moreover, a lack of screening programs results in delayed diagnosis, which is accompanied by a secondary chemo-resistance of the tumor and usually results in a high recurrence rate after the primary therapy. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify the substantial risk factors for both predisposed and low-risk populations of women, as well as to create an economically and clinically justified screening program. This paper reviews the classic and novel risk factors for HGSOC and methods of diagnosis and prediction, including serum biomarkers, the liquid biopsy of circulating tumor cells or circulating tumor DNA, epigenetic markers, exosomes, and genomic and proteomic biomarkers. The novel future complex approach to ovarian cancer diagnosis should be devised based on these findings, and the general outcome of such an approach is proposed and discussed in the paper.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/1/229ovarian cancerrisk factorsdiagnosispredictionbiomarkersliquid biopsy |
| spellingShingle | Jacek Wilczyński Edyta Paradowska Miłosz Wilczyński High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer—A Risk Factor Puzzle and Screening Fugitive Biomedicines ovarian cancer risk factors diagnosis prediction biomarkers liquid biopsy |
| title | High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer—A Risk Factor Puzzle and Screening Fugitive |
| title_full | High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer—A Risk Factor Puzzle and Screening Fugitive |
| title_fullStr | High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer—A Risk Factor Puzzle and Screening Fugitive |
| title_full_unstemmed | High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer—A Risk Factor Puzzle and Screening Fugitive |
| title_short | High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer—A Risk Factor Puzzle and Screening Fugitive |
| title_sort | high grade serous ovarian cancer a risk factor puzzle and screening fugitive |
| topic | ovarian cancer risk factors diagnosis prediction biomarkers liquid biopsy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/1/229 |
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