Method for Determining Coastline Course Based on Low-Altitude Images Taken by a UAV
In recent years, the most popular methods for determining coastline course are geodetic, satellite, and tacheometric techniques. None of the above-mentioned measurement methods allows marking out the shoreline both in an accurate way and with high coverage of the terrain with surveys. For this reaso...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/19/4700 |
| _version_ | 1797575217950752768 |
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| author | Łukasz Marchel Mariusz Specht |
| author_facet | Łukasz Marchel Mariusz Specht |
| author_sort | Łukasz Marchel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In recent years, the most popular methods for determining coastline course are geodetic, satellite, and tacheometric techniques. None of the above-mentioned measurement methods allows marking out the shoreline both in an accurate way and with high coverage of the terrain with surveys. For this reason, intensive works are currently underway to find alternative solutions that could accurately, extensively, and quickly determine coastline course. Based on a review of the literature regarding shoreline measurements, it can be concluded that the photogrammetric method, based on low-altitude images taken by an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), has the greatest potential. The aim of this publication is to present and validate a method for determining coastline course based on low-altitude photos taken by a drone. Shoreline measurements were carried out using the DJI Matrice 300 RTK UAV in the coastal zone at the public beach in Gdynia (Poland) in 2023. In addition, the coastline course was marked out using high-resolution satellite imagery (0.3–0.5 m). In order to calculate the accuracy of determining the shoreline by photogrammetric and satellite methods, it was decided to relate them to the coastline marked out using a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Real Time Kinematic (RTK) receiver with an accuracy of 2.4 cm Distance Root Mean Square (DRMS). Studies have shown that accuracies of determining coastline course using a UAV are 0.47 m (<i>p</i> = 0.95) for the orthophotomosaic method and 0.70 m (<i>p</i> = 0.95) for the Digital Surface Model (DSM), and are much more accurate than the satellite method, which amounted to 6.37 m (<i>p</i> = 0.95) for the Pléiades Neo satellite and 9.24 m (<i>p</i> = 0.95) for the Hexagon Europe satellite. Based on the obtained test results, it can be stated that the photogrammetric method using a UAV meets the accuracy requirements laid down for the most stringent International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) order, i.e., Exclusive Order (Total Horizontal Uncertainty (THU) of 5 m with a confidence level of 95%), which they relate to coastline measurements. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:36:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3f55fc38e8b7478a9d5052163dda512b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:36:37Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-3f55fc38e8b7478a9d5052163dda512b2023-11-19T14:58:45ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922023-09-011519470010.3390/rs15194700Method for Determining Coastline Course Based on Low-Altitude Images Taken by a UAVŁukasz Marchel0Mariusz Specht1Department of Navigation and Hydrography, Polish Naval Academy, Śmidowicza 69, 81-127 Gdynia, PolandDepartment of Transport and Logistics, Gdynia Maritime University, Morska 81-87, 81-225 Gdynia, PolandIn recent years, the most popular methods for determining coastline course are geodetic, satellite, and tacheometric techniques. None of the above-mentioned measurement methods allows marking out the shoreline both in an accurate way and with high coverage of the terrain with surveys. For this reason, intensive works are currently underway to find alternative solutions that could accurately, extensively, and quickly determine coastline course. Based on a review of the literature regarding shoreline measurements, it can be concluded that the photogrammetric method, based on low-altitude images taken by an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), has the greatest potential. The aim of this publication is to present and validate a method for determining coastline course based on low-altitude photos taken by a drone. Shoreline measurements were carried out using the DJI Matrice 300 RTK UAV in the coastal zone at the public beach in Gdynia (Poland) in 2023. In addition, the coastline course was marked out using high-resolution satellite imagery (0.3–0.5 m). In order to calculate the accuracy of determining the shoreline by photogrammetric and satellite methods, it was decided to relate them to the coastline marked out using a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Real Time Kinematic (RTK) receiver with an accuracy of 2.4 cm Distance Root Mean Square (DRMS). Studies have shown that accuracies of determining coastline course using a UAV are 0.47 m (<i>p</i> = 0.95) for the orthophotomosaic method and 0.70 m (<i>p</i> = 0.95) for the Digital Surface Model (DSM), and are much more accurate than the satellite method, which amounted to 6.37 m (<i>p</i> = 0.95) for the Pléiades Neo satellite and 9.24 m (<i>p</i> = 0.95) for the Hexagon Europe satellite. Based on the obtained test results, it can be stated that the photogrammetric method using a UAV meets the accuracy requirements laid down for the most stringent International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) order, i.e., Exclusive Order (Total Horizontal Uncertainty (THU) of 5 m with a confidence level of 95%), which they relate to coastline measurements.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/19/4700coastlineshorelineUnmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)satellite imageryGlobal Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)Real Time Kinematic (RTK) |
| spellingShingle | Łukasz Marchel Mariusz Specht Method for Determining Coastline Course Based on Low-Altitude Images Taken by a UAV Remote Sensing coastline shoreline Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) satellite imagery Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Real Time Kinematic (RTK) |
| title | Method for Determining Coastline Course Based on Low-Altitude Images Taken by a UAV |
| title_full | Method for Determining Coastline Course Based on Low-Altitude Images Taken by a UAV |
| title_fullStr | Method for Determining Coastline Course Based on Low-Altitude Images Taken by a UAV |
| title_full_unstemmed | Method for Determining Coastline Course Based on Low-Altitude Images Taken by a UAV |
| title_short | Method for Determining Coastline Course Based on Low-Altitude Images Taken by a UAV |
| title_sort | method for determining coastline course based on low altitude images taken by a uav |
| topic | coastline shoreline Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) satellite imagery Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Real Time Kinematic (RTK) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/19/4700 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT łukaszmarchel methodfordeterminingcoastlinecoursebasedonlowaltitudeimagestakenbyauav AT mariuszspecht methodfordeterminingcoastlinecoursebasedonlowaltitudeimagestakenbyauav |