Skeletal Muscle Ribosome and Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Response to Different Exercise Training Modalities
Skeletal muscle adaptations to resistance and endurance training include increased ribosome and mitochondrial biogenesis, respectively. Such adaptations are believed to contribute to the notable increases in hypertrophy and aerobic capacity observed with each exercise mode. Data from multiple studie...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-09-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Physiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2021.725866/full |
| _version_ | 1818438016389087232 |
|---|---|
| author | Paulo H. C. Mesquita Christopher G. Vann Stuart M. Phillips James McKendry Kaelin C. Young Kaelin C. Young Andreas N. Kavazis Michael D. Roberts Michael D. Roberts |
| author_facet | Paulo H. C. Mesquita Christopher G. Vann Stuart M. Phillips James McKendry Kaelin C. Young Kaelin C. Young Andreas N. Kavazis Michael D. Roberts Michael D. Roberts |
| author_sort | Paulo H. C. Mesquita |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Skeletal muscle adaptations to resistance and endurance training include increased ribosome and mitochondrial biogenesis, respectively. Such adaptations are believed to contribute to the notable increases in hypertrophy and aerobic capacity observed with each exercise mode. Data from multiple studies suggest the existence of a competition between ribosome and mitochondrial biogenesis, in which the first adaptation is prioritized with resistance training while the latter is prioritized with endurance training. In addition, reports have shown an interference effect when both exercise modes are performed concurrently. This prioritization/interference may be due to the interplay between the 5’ AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling cascades and/or the high skeletal muscle energy requirements for the synthesis and maintenance of cellular organelles. Negative associations between ribosomal DNA and mitochondrial DNA copy number in human blood cells also provide evidence of potential competition in skeletal muscle. However, several lines of evidence suggest that ribosome and mitochondrial biogenesis can occur simultaneously in response to different types of exercise and that the AMPK-mTORC1 interaction is more complex than initially thought. The purpose of this review is to provide in-depth discussions of these topics. We discuss whether a curious competition between mitochondrial and ribosome biogenesis exists and show the available evidence both in favor and against it. Finally, we provide future research avenues in this area of exercise physiology. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T17:33:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3f7c2c18923c4401b764ff168682beef |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-042X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T17:33:52Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Physiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-3f7c2c18923c4401b764ff168682beef2022-12-21T22:53:02ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2021-09-011210.3389/fphys.2021.725866725866Skeletal Muscle Ribosome and Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Response to Different Exercise Training ModalitiesPaulo H. C. Mesquita0Christopher G. Vann1Stuart M. Phillips2James McKendry3Kaelin C. Young4Kaelin C. Young5Andreas N. Kavazis6Michael D. Roberts7Michael D. Roberts8School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United StatesSchool of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United StatesDepartment of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, CanadaDepartment of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, CanadaSchool of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United StatesDepartment of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn, AL, United StatesSchool of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United StatesSchool of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United StatesDepartment of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn, AL, United StatesSkeletal muscle adaptations to resistance and endurance training include increased ribosome and mitochondrial biogenesis, respectively. Such adaptations are believed to contribute to the notable increases in hypertrophy and aerobic capacity observed with each exercise mode. Data from multiple studies suggest the existence of a competition between ribosome and mitochondrial biogenesis, in which the first adaptation is prioritized with resistance training while the latter is prioritized with endurance training. In addition, reports have shown an interference effect when both exercise modes are performed concurrently. This prioritization/interference may be due to the interplay between the 5’ AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling cascades and/or the high skeletal muscle energy requirements for the synthesis and maintenance of cellular organelles. Negative associations between ribosomal DNA and mitochondrial DNA copy number in human blood cells also provide evidence of potential competition in skeletal muscle. However, several lines of evidence suggest that ribosome and mitochondrial biogenesis can occur simultaneously in response to different types of exercise and that the AMPK-mTORC1 interaction is more complex than initially thought. The purpose of this review is to provide in-depth discussions of these topics. We discuss whether a curious competition between mitochondrial and ribosome biogenesis exists and show the available evidence both in favor and against it. Finally, we provide future research avenues in this area of exercise physiology.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2021.725866/fullskeletal muscleribosomesmitochondriaAMP-activated protein kinasemechanistic target of rapamycinexercise training |
| spellingShingle | Paulo H. C. Mesquita Christopher G. Vann Stuart M. Phillips James McKendry Kaelin C. Young Kaelin C. Young Andreas N. Kavazis Michael D. Roberts Michael D. Roberts Skeletal Muscle Ribosome and Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Response to Different Exercise Training Modalities Frontiers in Physiology skeletal muscle ribosomes mitochondria AMP-activated protein kinase mechanistic target of rapamycin exercise training |
| title | Skeletal Muscle Ribosome and Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Response to Different Exercise Training Modalities |
| title_full | Skeletal Muscle Ribosome and Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Response to Different Exercise Training Modalities |
| title_fullStr | Skeletal Muscle Ribosome and Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Response to Different Exercise Training Modalities |
| title_full_unstemmed | Skeletal Muscle Ribosome and Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Response to Different Exercise Training Modalities |
| title_short | Skeletal Muscle Ribosome and Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Response to Different Exercise Training Modalities |
| title_sort | skeletal muscle ribosome and mitochondrial biogenesis in response to different exercise training modalities |
| topic | skeletal muscle ribosomes mitochondria AMP-activated protein kinase mechanistic target of rapamycin exercise training |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2021.725866/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT paulohcmesquita skeletalmuscleribosomeandmitochondrialbiogenesisinresponsetodifferentexercisetrainingmodalities AT christophergvann skeletalmuscleribosomeandmitochondrialbiogenesisinresponsetodifferentexercisetrainingmodalities AT stuartmphillips skeletalmuscleribosomeandmitochondrialbiogenesisinresponsetodifferentexercisetrainingmodalities AT jamesmckendry skeletalmuscleribosomeandmitochondrialbiogenesisinresponsetodifferentexercisetrainingmodalities AT kaelincyoung skeletalmuscleribosomeandmitochondrialbiogenesisinresponsetodifferentexercisetrainingmodalities AT kaelincyoung skeletalmuscleribosomeandmitochondrialbiogenesisinresponsetodifferentexercisetrainingmodalities AT andreasnkavazis skeletalmuscleribosomeandmitochondrialbiogenesisinresponsetodifferentexercisetrainingmodalities AT michaeldroberts skeletalmuscleribosomeandmitochondrialbiogenesisinresponsetodifferentexercisetrainingmodalities AT michaeldroberts skeletalmuscleribosomeandmitochondrialbiogenesisinresponsetodifferentexercisetrainingmodalities |