Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bovine <i>Mycoplasma</i> Species in Egypt
Among many bovine <i>Mycoplasma</i> species (spp.), <i>Mycoplasma bovis</i> is recognized as a significant causative agent of respiratory diseases in cattle. In recent years, resistant <i>M. bovis</i> isolates, especially to fluoroquinolones, have been reported gl...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-07-01
|
| Series: | Biology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/11/7/1083 |
| _version_ | 1797407358348951552 |
|---|---|
| author | Ahmed M. Ammar Marwa I. Abd El-Hamid Yousreya H. Mohamed Heba M. Mohamed Dalal H. M. Al-khalifah Wael N. Hozzein Samy Selim Wafaa M. El-Neshwy Rania M. S. El-Malt |
| author_facet | Ahmed M. Ammar Marwa I. Abd El-Hamid Yousreya H. Mohamed Heba M. Mohamed Dalal H. M. Al-khalifah Wael N. Hozzein Samy Selim Wafaa M. El-Neshwy Rania M. S. El-Malt |
| author_sort | Ahmed M. Ammar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Among many bovine <i>Mycoplasma</i> species (spp.), <i>Mycoplasma bovis</i> is recognized as a significant causative agent of respiratory diseases in cattle. In recent years, resistant <i>M. bovis</i> isolates, especially to fluoroquinolones, have been reported globally as a result of the extensive usage of antimicrobials in the treatment of bovine pneumonia. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bovine <i>Mycoplasma</i> spp. isolated from the respiratory tracts of cattle in Egypt and to assess the fluoroquinolones resistance in the recovered mycoplasma isolates via broth microdilution and conventional PCR techniques. Conventional phenotypic methods identified 128 mycoplasma isolates (32%) from 400 different samples, with <i>M. bovis</i> being the predominant spp. (61%), followed by <i>M. bovirhinis</i> (15%). Of note, mycoplasma isolates were rarely isolated from total healthy lung tissues (7/55, 12.7%), but they were frequently isolated from pneumonic lungs (31/45, 68.9%). All the examined mycoplasma isolates (<i>n</i> = 76) were sensitive to tilmicosin, tylosin, tulathromycin, spiramycin, and spectinomycin (100% each), while 60.5% and 43.4% of the examined isolates had high minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values to enrofloxacin and doxycycline, respectively. Three and two mycoplasma isolates with high enrofloxacin MICs were confirmed to be <i>M. bovis</i> and <i>M. bovirhinis</i>, respectively, by PCR assays. All molecularly confirmed mycoplasma isolates (<i>n</i> = 5) were positive for the <i>gyrA</i> gene (100%); meanwhile, three isolates (60%) were positive for the <i>parC</i> gene. In conclusion, our findings revealed alarming resistance to enrofloxacin and doxycycline antibiotics; thus, antimicrobial usage must be restricted and molecular techniques can help in the rapid detection of the resistant strains. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:41:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3f7d5b979fe641cca90883b792d48ed1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:41:19Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-3f7d5b979fe641cca90883b792d48ed12023-12-03T14:40:56ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372022-07-01117108310.3390/biology11071083Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bovine <i>Mycoplasma</i> Species in EgyptAhmed M. Ammar0Marwa I. Abd El-Hamid1Yousreya H. Mohamed2Heba M. Mohamed3Dalal H. M. Al-khalifah4Wael N. Hozzein5Samy Selim6Wafaa M. El-Neshwy7Rania M. S. El-Malt8Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, EgyptDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, EgyptDepartment of Mycoplasma Research, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12622, EgyptDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, EgyptDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi ArabiaBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, EgyptDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Animal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, EgyptDepartment of Bacteriology, Zagazig Branch, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Zagazig 44516, EgyptAmong many bovine <i>Mycoplasma</i> species (spp.), <i>Mycoplasma bovis</i> is recognized as a significant causative agent of respiratory diseases in cattle. In recent years, resistant <i>M. bovis</i> isolates, especially to fluoroquinolones, have been reported globally as a result of the extensive usage of antimicrobials in the treatment of bovine pneumonia. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bovine <i>Mycoplasma</i> spp. isolated from the respiratory tracts of cattle in Egypt and to assess the fluoroquinolones resistance in the recovered mycoplasma isolates via broth microdilution and conventional PCR techniques. Conventional phenotypic methods identified 128 mycoplasma isolates (32%) from 400 different samples, with <i>M. bovis</i> being the predominant spp. (61%), followed by <i>M. bovirhinis</i> (15%). Of note, mycoplasma isolates were rarely isolated from total healthy lung tissues (7/55, 12.7%), but they were frequently isolated from pneumonic lungs (31/45, 68.9%). All the examined mycoplasma isolates (<i>n</i> = 76) were sensitive to tilmicosin, tylosin, tulathromycin, spiramycin, and spectinomycin (100% each), while 60.5% and 43.4% of the examined isolates had high minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values to enrofloxacin and doxycycline, respectively. Three and two mycoplasma isolates with high enrofloxacin MICs were confirmed to be <i>M. bovis</i> and <i>M. bovirhinis</i>, respectively, by PCR assays. All molecularly confirmed mycoplasma isolates (<i>n</i> = 5) were positive for the <i>gyrA</i> gene (100%); meanwhile, three isolates (60%) were positive for the <i>parC</i> gene. In conclusion, our findings revealed alarming resistance to enrofloxacin and doxycycline antibiotics; thus, antimicrobial usage must be restricted and molecular techniques can help in the rapid detection of the resistant strains.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/11/7/1083<i>Mycoplasm bovis</i>cattlefluoroquinolone resistance<i>gyrA</i><i>parC</i> |
| spellingShingle | Ahmed M. Ammar Marwa I. Abd El-Hamid Yousreya H. Mohamed Heba M. Mohamed Dalal H. M. Al-khalifah Wael N. Hozzein Samy Selim Wafaa M. El-Neshwy Rania M. S. El-Malt Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bovine <i>Mycoplasma</i> Species in Egypt Biology <i>Mycoplasm bovis</i> cattle fluoroquinolone resistance <i>gyrA</i> <i>parC</i> |
| title | Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bovine <i>Mycoplasma</i> Species in Egypt |
| title_full | Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bovine <i>Mycoplasma</i> Species in Egypt |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bovine <i>Mycoplasma</i> Species in Egypt |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bovine <i>Mycoplasma</i> Species in Egypt |
| title_short | Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bovine <i>Mycoplasma</i> Species in Egypt |
| title_sort | prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of bovine i mycoplasma i species in egypt |
| topic | <i>Mycoplasm bovis</i> cattle fluoroquinolone resistance <i>gyrA</i> <i>parC</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/11/7/1083 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ahmedmammar prevalenceandantimicrobialsusceptibilityofbovineimycoplasmaispeciesinegypt AT marwaiabdelhamid prevalenceandantimicrobialsusceptibilityofbovineimycoplasmaispeciesinegypt AT yousreyahmohamed prevalenceandantimicrobialsusceptibilityofbovineimycoplasmaispeciesinegypt AT hebammohamed prevalenceandantimicrobialsusceptibilityofbovineimycoplasmaispeciesinegypt AT dalalhmalkhalifah prevalenceandantimicrobialsusceptibilityofbovineimycoplasmaispeciesinegypt AT waelnhozzein prevalenceandantimicrobialsusceptibilityofbovineimycoplasmaispeciesinegypt AT samyselim prevalenceandantimicrobialsusceptibilityofbovineimycoplasmaispeciesinegypt AT wafaamelneshwy prevalenceandantimicrobialsusceptibilityofbovineimycoplasmaispeciesinegypt AT raniamselmalt prevalenceandantimicrobialsusceptibilityofbovineimycoplasmaispeciesinegypt |