LAR Receptor Tyrosine Phosphatase Family in Healthy and Diseased Brain
Protein phosphatases are major regulators of signal transduction and they are involved in key cellular mechanisms such as proliferation, differentiation, and cell survival. Here we focus on one class of protein phosphatases, the type IIA Receptor-type Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases (RPTPs), or LAR-RP...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2021.659951/full |
| _version_ | 1818337571422339072 |
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| author | Francisca Cornejo Bastián I. Cortés Greg M. Findlay Gonzalo I. Cancino Gonzalo I. Cancino |
| author_facet | Francisca Cornejo Bastián I. Cortés Greg M. Findlay Gonzalo I. Cancino Gonzalo I. Cancino |
| author_sort | Francisca Cornejo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Protein phosphatases are major regulators of signal transduction and they are involved in key cellular mechanisms such as proliferation, differentiation, and cell survival. Here we focus on one class of protein phosphatases, the type IIA Receptor-type Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases (RPTPs), or LAR-RPTP subfamily. In the last decade, LAR-RPTPs have been demonstrated to have great importance in neurobiology, from neurodevelopment to brain disorders. In vertebrates, the LAR-RPTP subfamily is composed of three members: PTPRF (LAR), PTPRD (PTPδ) and PTPRS (PTPσ), and all participate in several brain functions. In this review we describe the structure and proteolytic processing of the LAR-RPTP subfamily, their alternative splicing and enzymatic regulation. Also, we review the role of the LAR-RPTP subfamily in neural function such as dendrite and axon growth and guidance, synapse formation and differentiation, their participation in synaptic activity, and in brain development, discussing controversial findings and commenting on the most recent studies in the field. Finally, we discuss the clinical outcomes of LAR-RPTP mutations, which are associated with several brain disorders. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T14:57:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3f84b0848e664cd2819799d5a437fd83 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-634X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T14:57:20Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-3f84b0848e664cd2819799d5a437fd832022-12-21T23:41:12ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology2296-634X2021-12-01910.3389/fcell.2021.659951659951LAR Receptor Tyrosine Phosphatase Family in Healthy and Diseased BrainFrancisca Cornejo0Bastián I. Cortés1Greg M. Findlay2Gonzalo I. Cancino3Gonzalo I. Cancino4Center for Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, ChileCenter for Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, ChileMRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United KingdomCenter for Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, ChileEscuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, ChileProtein phosphatases are major regulators of signal transduction and they are involved in key cellular mechanisms such as proliferation, differentiation, and cell survival. Here we focus on one class of protein phosphatases, the type IIA Receptor-type Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases (RPTPs), or LAR-RPTP subfamily. In the last decade, LAR-RPTPs have been demonstrated to have great importance in neurobiology, from neurodevelopment to brain disorders. In vertebrates, the LAR-RPTP subfamily is composed of three members: PTPRF (LAR), PTPRD (PTPδ) and PTPRS (PTPσ), and all participate in several brain functions. In this review we describe the structure and proteolytic processing of the LAR-RPTP subfamily, their alternative splicing and enzymatic regulation. Also, we review the role of the LAR-RPTP subfamily in neural function such as dendrite and axon growth and guidance, synapse formation and differentiation, their participation in synaptic activity, and in brain development, discussing controversial findings and commenting on the most recent studies in the field. Finally, we discuss the clinical outcomes of LAR-RPTP mutations, which are associated with several brain disorders.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2021.659951/fullbrain disordersprotein phosphatasereceptor protein tyrosine phosphatase (RPTP)PTPdeltaPTPsigma |
| spellingShingle | Francisca Cornejo Bastián I. Cortés Greg M. Findlay Gonzalo I. Cancino Gonzalo I. Cancino LAR Receptor Tyrosine Phosphatase Family in Healthy and Diseased Brain Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology brain disorders protein phosphatase receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase (RPTP) PTPdelta PTPsigma |
| title | LAR Receptor Tyrosine Phosphatase Family in Healthy and Diseased Brain |
| title_full | LAR Receptor Tyrosine Phosphatase Family in Healthy and Diseased Brain |
| title_fullStr | LAR Receptor Tyrosine Phosphatase Family in Healthy and Diseased Brain |
| title_full_unstemmed | LAR Receptor Tyrosine Phosphatase Family in Healthy and Diseased Brain |
| title_short | LAR Receptor Tyrosine Phosphatase Family in Healthy and Diseased Brain |
| title_sort | lar receptor tyrosine phosphatase family in healthy and diseased brain |
| topic | brain disorders protein phosphatase receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase (RPTP) PTPdelta PTPsigma |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2021.659951/full |
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