Macro and Microstructural Characteristics of North Atlantic Deep-Sea Sponges as Bioinspired Models for Tissue Engineering Scaffolding
Sponges occur ubiquitously in the marine realm and in some deep-sea areas they dominate the benthic communities forming complex biogenic habitats – sponge grounds, aggregations, gardens and reefs. However, deep-sea sponges and sponge-grounds are still poorly investigated with regards to biotechnolog...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2020.613647/full |
| _version_ | 1819059206602358784 |
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| author | Eva Martins Eva Martins Hans Tore Rapp Joana R. Xavier Joana R. Xavier Gabriela S. Diogo Gabriela S. Diogo Rui L. Reis Rui L. Reis Tiago H. Silva Tiago H. Silva |
| author_facet | Eva Martins Eva Martins Hans Tore Rapp Joana R. Xavier Joana R. Xavier Gabriela S. Diogo Gabriela S. Diogo Rui L. Reis Rui L. Reis Tiago H. Silva Tiago H. Silva |
| author_sort | Eva Martins |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sponges occur ubiquitously in the marine realm and in some deep-sea areas they dominate the benthic communities forming complex biogenic habitats – sponge grounds, aggregations, gardens and reefs. However, deep-sea sponges and sponge-grounds are still poorly investigated with regards to biotechnological potential in support of a Blue growth strategy. Under the scope of this study, five dominant North Atlantic deep-sea sponges, were characterized to elucidate promising applications in human health, namely for bone tissue engineering approaches. Geodia barretti (Gb), Geodia atlantica (Ga), Stelletta normani (Sn), Phakellia ventilabrum (Pv), and Axinella infundibuliformis (Ai), were morphologically characterized to assess macro and microstructural features, as well as chemical composition of the skeletons, using optical and scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and microcomputed tomography analyses. Moreover, compress tests were conducted to determine the mechanical properties of the skeletons. Results showed that all studied sponges have porous skeletons with porosity higher than 68%, pore size superior than 149 μm and higher interconnectivity (>96%), thus providing interesting models for the development of scaffolds for tissue engineering. Besides that, EDS analyses revealed that the chemical composition of sponges, pointed that demosponge skeletons are mainly constituted by carbon, silicon, sulfur, and oxygen combined mutually with organic and inorganic elements embedded its internal architecture that can be important features for promoting bone matrix quality and bone mineralization. Finally, the morphological, mechanical, and chemical characteristics here investigated unraveled the potential of deep-sea sponges as a source of biomaterials and biomimetic models envisaging tissue engineering applications for bone regeneration. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T14:07:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3f84dcf1c1244f818b5437f01ffe4419 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-7745 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T14:07:25Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-3f84dcf1c1244f818b5437f01ffe44192022-12-21T19:01:10ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452021-01-01710.3389/fmars.2020.613647613647Macro and Microstructural Characteristics of North Atlantic Deep-Sea Sponges as Bioinspired Models for Tissue Engineering ScaffoldingEva Martins0Eva Martins1Hans Tore Rapp2Joana R. Xavier3Joana R. Xavier4Gabriela S. Diogo5Gabriela S. Diogo6Rui L. Reis7Rui L. Reis8Tiago H. Silva9Tiago H. Silva103B’s Research Group, Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark–Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, University of Minho, Barco, PortugalICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, PortugalDepartment of Biological Sciences, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Deep Sea Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Biological Sciences, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Deep Sea Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayInterdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal3B’s Research Group, Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark–Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, University of Minho, Barco, PortugalICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal3B’s Research Group, Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark–Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, University of Minho, Barco, PortugalICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal3B’s Research Group, Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark–Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, University of Minho, Barco, PortugalICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, PortugalSponges occur ubiquitously in the marine realm and in some deep-sea areas they dominate the benthic communities forming complex biogenic habitats – sponge grounds, aggregations, gardens and reefs. However, deep-sea sponges and sponge-grounds are still poorly investigated with regards to biotechnological potential in support of a Blue growth strategy. Under the scope of this study, five dominant North Atlantic deep-sea sponges, were characterized to elucidate promising applications in human health, namely for bone tissue engineering approaches. Geodia barretti (Gb), Geodia atlantica (Ga), Stelletta normani (Sn), Phakellia ventilabrum (Pv), and Axinella infundibuliformis (Ai), were morphologically characterized to assess macro and microstructural features, as well as chemical composition of the skeletons, using optical and scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and microcomputed tomography analyses. Moreover, compress tests were conducted to determine the mechanical properties of the skeletons. Results showed that all studied sponges have porous skeletons with porosity higher than 68%, pore size superior than 149 μm and higher interconnectivity (>96%), thus providing interesting models for the development of scaffolds for tissue engineering. Besides that, EDS analyses revealed that the chemical composition of sponges, pointed that demosponge skeletons are mainly constituted by carbon, silicon, sulfur, and oxygen combined mutually with organic and inorganic elements embedded its internal architecture that can be important features for promoting bone matrix quality and bone mineralization. Finally, the morphological, mechanical, and chemical characteristics here investigated unraveled the potential of deep-sea sponges as a source of biomaterials and biomimetic models envisaging tissue engineering applications for bone regeneration.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2020.613647/fulldeep-sea spongesmarine inspired skeletonsbiotechnological potentialbiomaterialsscaffoldstissue engineering |
| spellingShingle | Eva Martins Eva Martins Hans Tore Rapp Joana R. Xavier Joana R. Xavier Gabriela S. Diogo Gabriela S. Diogo Rui L. Reis Rui L. Reis Tiago H. Silva Tiago H. Silva Macro and Microstructural Characteristics of North Atlantic Deep-Sea Sponges as Bioinspired Models for Tissue Engineering Scaffolding Frontiers in Marine Science deep-sea sponges marine inspired skeletons biotechnological potential biomaterials scaffolds tissue engineering |
| title | Macro and Microstructural Characteristics of North Atlantic Deep-Sea Sponges as Bioinspired Models for Tissue Engineering Scaffolding |
| title_full | Macro and Microstructural Characteristics of North Atlantic Deep-Sea Sponges as Bioinspired Models for Tissue Engineering Scaffolding |
| title_fullStr | Macro and Microstructural Characteristics of North Atlantic Deep-Sea Sponges as Bioinspired Models for Tissue Engineering Scaffolding |
| title_full_unstemmed | Macro and Microstructural Characteristics of North Atlantic Deep-Sea Sponges as Bioinspired Models for Tissue Engineering Scaffolding |
| title_short | Macro and Microstructural Characteristics of North Atlantic Deep-Sea Sponges as Bioinspired Models for Tissue Engineering Scaffolding |
| title_sort | macro and microstructural characteristics of north atlantic deep sea sponges as bioinspired models for tissue engineering scaffolding |
| topic | deep-sea sponges marine inspired skeletons biotechnological potential biomaterials scaffolds tissue engineering |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2020.613647/full |
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