How Vaccine Ambivalence Can Lead People Who Inject Drugs to Decline COVID-19 Vaccination and Ways This Can Be Addressed: Qualitative Study
BackgroundPeople who inject drugs are disproportionately impacted by SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, yet they do not frequently accept vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 when offered. ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore why people who inject drugs decline free vaccines agai...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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JMIR Publications
2022-03-01
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| Series: | JMIR Formative Research |
| Online Access: | https://formative.jmir.org/2022/3/e35066 |
| _version_ | 1797735188908736512 |
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| author | Ian David Aronson Alex S Bennett Mary-Andrée Ardouin-Guerrier German Rivera-Castellar Brent Gibson Samantha Santoscoy Brittney Vargas-Estrella |
| author_facet | Ian David Aronson Alex S Bennett Mary-Andrée Ardouin-Guerrier German Rivera-Castellar Brent Gibson Samantha Santoscoy Brittney Vargas-Estrella |
| author_sort | Ian David Aronson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
BackgroundPeople who inject drugs are disproportionately impacted by SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, yet they do not frequently accept vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 when offered.
ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore why people who inject drugs decline free vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and how barriers to vaccination can potentially be addressed.
MethodsWe conducted semistructured qualitative interviews with 17 unvaccinated adult persons who inject drugs during August and September 2021 at a New York City syringe service program, where approximately three-fourth of participants identified as Latino (55%) or African American (22%). Interviews lasted roughly 20 minutes. The interview guide examined reasons for declining vaccination, participants’ understanding of COVID-19 risks, and how messages could be developed to encourage vaccine uptake among people who inject drugs.
ResultsParticipants acknowledged that they faced increased risk from SARS-CoV-2 owing to their injection drug use but feared that long-term substance use may have weakened their health, making them especially vulnerable to side effects. Fears of possible side effects, compounded by widespread medical mistrust and questions about the overall value of vaccination contributed to marked ambivalence among our sample. The desire to protect children and older family members emerged as key potential facilitators of vaccination.
ConclusionsCommunity-developed messages are needed in outreach efforts to explain the importance of vaccination, including the far greater dangers of COVID-19 compared to possible unintended side effects. Messages that emphasize vaccines’ ability to prevent inadvertently infecting loved ones, may help increase uptake. Community-focused messaging strategies, such as those used to increase HIV and hepatitis C virus testing and overdose prevention among people who inject drugs, may prove similarly effective. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T12:55:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3f8ce88642d740d2b410e2cc35cfb0eb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2561-326X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T12:55:28Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | JMIR Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | JMIR Formative Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-3f8ce88642d740d2b410e2cc35cfb0eb2023-08-28T21:08:02ZengJMIR PublicationsJMIR Formative Research2561-326X2022-03-0163e3506610.2196/35066How Vaccine Ambivalence Can Lead People Who Inject Drugs to Decline COVID-19 Vaccination and Ways This Can Be Addressed: Qualitative StudyIan David Aronsonhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2238-3810Alex S Bennetthttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6986-9925Mary-Andrée Ardouin-Guerrierhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6197-2589German Rivera-Castellarhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9940-4547Brent Gibsonhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3575-8431Samantha Santoscoyhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5320-6828Brittney Vargas-Estrellahttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2495-8606 BackgroundPeople who inject drugs are disproportionately impacted by SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, yet they do not frequently accept vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 when offered. ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore why people who inject drugs decline free vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and how barriers to vaccination can potentially be addressed. MethodsWe conducted semistructured qualitative interviews with 17 unvaccinated adult persons who inject drugs during August and September 2021 at a New York City syringe service program, where approximately three-fourth of participants identified as Latino (55%) or African American (22%). Interviews lasted roughly 20 minutes. The interview guide examined reasons for declining vaccination, participants’ understanding of COVID-19 risks, and how messages could be developed to encourage vaccine uptake among people who inject drugs. ResultsParticipants acknowledged that they faced increased risk from SARS-CoV-2 owing to their injection drug use but feared that long-term substance use may have weakened their health, making them especially vulnerable to side effects. Fears of possible side effects, compounded by widespread medical mistrust and questions about the overall value of vaccination contributed to marked ambivalence among our sample. The desire to protect children and older family members emerged as key potential facilitators of vaccination. ConclusionsCommunity-developed messages are needed in outreach efforts to explain the importance of vaccination, including the far greater dangers of COVID-19 compared to possible unintended side effects. Messages that emphasize vaccines’ ability to prevent inadvertently infecting loved ones, may help increase uptake. Community-focused messaging strategies, such as those used to increase HIV and hepatitis C virus testing and overdose prevention among people who inject drugs, may prove similarly effective.https://formative.jmir.org/2022/3/e35066 |
| spellingShingle | Ian David Aronson Alex S Bennett Mary-Andrée Ardouin-Guerrier German Rivera-Castellar Brent Gibson Samantha Santoscoy Brittney Vargas-Estrella How Vaccine Ambivalence Can Lead People Who Inject Drugs to Decline COVID-19 Vaccination and Ways This Can Be Addressed: Qualitative Study JMIR Formative Research |
| title | How Vaccine Ambivalence Can Lead People Who Inject Drugs to Decline COVID-19 Vaccination and Ways This Can Be Addressed: Qualitative Study |
| title_full | How Vaccine Ambivalence Can Lead People Who Inject Drugs to Decline COVID-19 Vaccination and Ways This Can Be Addressed: Qualitative Study |
| title_fullStr | How Vaccine Ambivalence Can Lead People Who Inject Drugs to Decline COVID-19 Vaccination and Ways This Can Be Addressed: Qualitative Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | How Vaccine Ambivalence Can Lead People Who Inject Drugs to Decline COVID-19 Vaccination and Ways This Can Be Addressed: Qualitative Study |
| title_short | How Vaccine Ambivalence Can Lead People Who Inject Drugs to Decline COVID-19 Vaccination and Ways This Can Be Addressed: Qualitative Study |
| title_sort | how vaccine ambivalence can lead people who inject drugs to decline covid 19 vaccination and ways this can be addressed qualitative study |
| url | https://formative.jmir.org/2022/3/e35066 |
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