Optical Whispering-Gallery-Mode Microbubble Sensors
Whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microbubble resonators are ideal optical sensors due to their high quality factor, small mode volume, high optical energy density, and geometry/design/structure (i.e., hollow microfluidic channels). When used in combination with microfluidic technologies, WGM microbubbl...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Micromachines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/13/4/592 |
| _version_ | 1827599841817001984 |
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| author | Xuyang Zhao Zhihe Guo Yi Zhou Junhong Guo Zhiran Liu Yuxiang Li Man Luo Xiang Wu |
| author_facet | Xuyang Zhao Zhihe Guo Yi Zhou Junhong Guo Zhiran Liu Yuxiang Li Man Luo Xiang Wu |
| author_sort | Xuyang Zhao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microbubble resonators are ideal optical sensors due to their high quality factor, small mode volume, high optical energy density, and geometry/design/structure (i.e., hollow microfluidic channels). When used in combination with microfluidic technologies, WGM microbubble resonators can be applied in chemical and biological sensing due to strong light–matter interactions. The detection of ultra-low concentrations over a large dynamic range is possible due to their high sensitivity, which has significance for environmental monitoring and applications in life-science. Furthermore, WGM microbubble resonators have also been widely used for physical sensing, such as to detect changes in temperature, stress, pressure, flow rate, magnetic field and ultrasound. In this article, we systematically review and summarize the sensing mechanisms, fabrication and packing methods, and various applications of optofluidic WGM microbubble resonators. The challenges of rapid production and practical applications of WGM microbubble resonators are also discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:22:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3f8e10f152bb458cb8a4fb6e4e55de4b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-666X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:22:46Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Micromachines |
| spelling | doaj.art-3f8e10f152bb458cb8a4fb6e4e55de4b2023-12-03T13:44:09ZengMDPI AGMicromachines2072-666X2022-04-0113459210.3390/mi13040592Optical Whispering-Gallery-Mode Microbubble SensorsXuyang Zhao0Zhihe Guo1Yi Zhou2Junhong Guo3Zhiran Liu4Yuxiang Li5Man Luo6Xiang Wu7The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, ChinaWhispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microbubble resonators are ideal optical sensors due to their high quality factor, small mode volume, high optical energy density, and geometry/design/structure (i.e., hollow microfluidic channels). When used in combination with microfluidic technologies, WGM microbubble resonators can be applied in chemical and biological sensing due to strong light–matter interactions. The detection of ultra-low concentrations over a large dynamic range is possible due to their high sensitivity, which has significance for environmental monitoring and applications in life-science. Furthermore, WGM microbubble resonators have also been widely used for physical sensing, such as to detect changes in temperature, stress, pressure, flow rate, magnetic field and ultrasound. In this article, we systematically review and summarize the sensing mechanisms, fabrication and packing methods, and various applications of optofluidic WGM microbubble resonators. The challenges of rapid production and practical applications of WGM microbubble resonators are also discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/13/4/592whispering-gallery-mode microcavityoptical microbubble resonatorsensorsmicrofluidic technology |
| spellingShingle | Xuyang Zhao Zhihe Guo Yi Zhou Junhong Guo Zhiran Liu Yuxiang Li Man Luo Xiang Wu Optical Whispering-Gallery-Mode Microbubble Sensors Micromachines whispering-gallery-mode microcavity optical microbubble resonator sensors microfluidic technology |
| title | Optical Whispering-Gallery-Mode Microbubble Sensors |
| title_full | Optical Whispering-Gallery-Mode Microbubble Sensors |
| title_fullStr | Optical Whispering-Gallery-Mode Microbubble Sensors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optical Whispering-Gallery-Mode Microbubble Sensors |
| title_short | Optical Whispering-Gallery-Mode Microbubble Sensors |
| title_sort | optical whispering gallery mode microbubble sensors |
| topic | whispering-gallery-mode microcavity optical microbubble resonator sensors microfluidic technology |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/13/4/592 |
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