Cognitive Impairment Induced by Lead Exposure during Lifespan: Mechanisms of Lead Neurotoxicity
Lead (Pb) is considered a strong environmental toxin with human health repercussions. Due to its widespread use and the number of people potentially exposed to different sources of this heavy metal, Pb intoxication is recognized as a public health problem in many countries. Exposure to Pb can occur...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/9/2/23 |
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| author | Daniela Ramírez Ortega Dinora F. González Esquivel Tonali Blanco Ayala Benjamín Pineda Saul Gómez Manzo Jaime Marcial Quino Paul Carrillo Mora Verónica Pérez de la Cruz |
| author_facet | Daniela Ramírez Ortega Dinora F. González Esquivel Tonali Blanco Ayala Benjamín Pineda Saul Gómez Manzo Jaime Marcial Quino Paul Carrillo Mora Verónica Pérez de la Cruz |
| author_sort | Daniela Ramírez Ortega |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lead (Pb) is considered a strong environmental toxin with human health repercussions. Due to its widespread use and the number of people potentially exposed to different sources of this heavy metal, Pb intoxication is recognized as a public health problem in many countries. Exposure to Pb can occur through ingestion, inhalation, dermal, and transplacental routes. The magnitude of its effects depends on several toxicity conditions: lead speciation, doses, time, and age of exposure, among others. It has been demonstrated that Pb exposure induces stronger effects during early life. The central nervous system is especially vulnerable to Pb toxicity; Pb exposure is linked to cognitive impairment, executive function alterations, abnormal social behavior, and fine motor control perturbations. This review aims to provide a general view of the cognitive consequences associated with Pb exposure during early life as well as during adulthood. Additionally, it describes the neurotoxic mechanisms associated with cognitive impairment induced by Pb, which include neurochemical, molecular, and morphological changes that jointly could have a synergic effect on the cognitive performance. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:24:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3f99cf7b0d0e4026bc415f8154609fc9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:24:17Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj.art-3f99cf7b0d0e4026bc415f8154609fc92023-12-03T15:03:24ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042021-01-01922310.3390/toxics9020023Cognitive Impairment Induced by Lead Exposure during Lifespan: Mechanisms of Lead NeurotoxicityDaniela Ramírez Ortega0Dinora F. González Esquivel1Tonali Blanco Ayala2Benjamín Pineda3Saul Gómez Manzo4Jaime Marcial Quino5Paul Carrillo Mora6Verónica Pérez de la Cruz7Laboratorio de Neurobioquímica y Conducta, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, S.S.A., México D.F. 14269, MexicoLaboratorio de Neurobioquímica y Conducta, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, S.S.A., México D.F. 14269, MexicoLaboratorio de Neurobioquímica y Conducta, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, S.S.A., México D.F. 14269, MexicoLaboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, S.S.A., México D.F. 14269, MexicoLaboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, México City 04530, MexicoCONACYT—Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, MexicoDivisión de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, S.S.A., México D.F. 14389, MexicoLaboratorio de Neurobioquímica y Conducta, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, S.S.A., México D.F. 14269, MexicoLead (Pb) is considered a strong environmental toxin with human health repercussions. Due to its widespread use and the number of people potentially exposed to different sources of this heavy metal, Pb intoxication is recognized as a public health problem in many countries. Exposure to Pb can occur through ingestion, inhalation, dermal, and transplacental routes. The magnitude of its effects depends on several toxicity conditions: lead speciation, doses, time, and age of exposure, among others. It has been demonstrated that Pb exposure induces stronger effects during early life. The central nervous system is especially vulnerable to Pb toxicity; Pb exposure is linked to cognitive impairment, executive function alterations, abnormal social behavior, and fine motor control perturbations. This review aims to provide a general view of the cognitive consequences associated with Pb exposure during early life as well as during adulthood. Additionally, it describes the neurotoxic mechanisms associated with cognitive impairment induced by Pb, which include neurochemical, molecular, and morphological changes that jointly could have a synergic effect on the cognitive performance.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/9/2/23heavy metalsleadcognitionneurotoxicity |
| spellingShingle | Daniela Ramírez Ortega Dinora F. González Esquivel Tonali Blanco Ayala Benjamín Pineda Saul Gómez Manzo Jaime Marcial Quino Paul Carrillo Mora Verónica Pérez de la Cruz Cognitive Impairment Induced by Lead Exposure during Lifespan: Mechanisms of Lead Neurotoxicity Toxics heavy metals lead cognition neurotoxicity |
| title | Cognitive Impairment Induced by Lead Exposure during Lifespan: Mechanisms of Lead Neurotoxicity |
| title_full | Cognitive Impairment Induced by Lead Exposure during Lifespan: Mechanisms of Lead Neurotoxicity |
| title_fullStr | Cognitive Impairment Induced by Lead Exposure during Lifespan: Mechanisms of Lead Neurotoxicity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cognitive Impairment Induced by Lead Exposure during Lifespan: Mechanisms of Lead Neurotoxicity |
| title_short | Cognitive Impairment Induced by Lead Exposure during Lifespan: Mechanisms of Lead Neurotoxicity |
| title_sort | cognitive impairment induced by lead exposure during lifespan mechanisms of lead neurotoxicity |
| topic | heavy metals lead cognition neurotoxicity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/9/2/23 |
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