Distance Error Correction in Time-of-Flight Cameras Using Asynchronous Integration Time
A distance map captured using a time-of-flight (ToF) depth sensor has fundamental problems, such as ambiguous depth information in shiny or dark surfaces, optical noise, and mismatched boundaries. Severe depth errors exist in shiny and dark surfaces owing to excess reflection and excess absorption o...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-02-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/4/1156 |
| _version_ | 1798043686058065920 |
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| author | Eu-Tteum Baek Hyung-Jeong Yang Soo-Hyung Kim Gueesang Lee Hieyong Jeong |
| author_facet | Eu-Tteum Baek Hyung-Jeong Yang Soo-Hyung Kim Gueesang Lee Hieyong Jeong |
| author_sort | Eu-Tteum Baek |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A distance map captured using a time-of-flight (ToF) depth sensor has fundamental problems, such as ambiguous depth information in shiny or dark surfaces, optical noise, and mismatched boundaries. Severe depth errors exist in shiny and dark surfaces owing to excess reflection and excess absorption of light, respectively. Dealing with this problem has been a challenge due to the inherent hardware limitations of ToF, which measures the distance using the number of reflected photons. This study proposes a distance error correction method using three ToF sensors, set to different integration times to address the ambiguity in depth information. First, the three ToF depth sensors are installed horizontally at different integration times to capture distance maps at different integration times. Given the amplitude maps and error regions are estimated based on the amount of light, the estimated error regions are refined by exploiting the accurate depth information from the neighboring depth sensors that use different integration times. Moreover, we propose a new optical noise reduction filter that considers the distribution of the depth information biased toward one side. Experimental results verified that the proposed method overcomes the drawbacks of ToF cameras and provides enhanced distance maps. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:52:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3fa1a35cfc93475281f4bcac7ba38737 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:52:34Z |
| publishDate | 2020-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-3fa1a35cfc93475281f4bcac7ba387372022-12-22T03:58:32ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202020-02-01204115610.3390/s20041156s20041156Distance Error Correction in Time-of-Flight Cameras Using Asynchronous Integration TimeEu-Tteum Baek0Hyung-Jeong Yang1Soo-Hyung Kim2Gueesang Lee3Hieyong Jeong4Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Gwangju 61186, KoreaDepartment of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Gwangju 61186, KoreaDepartment of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Gwangju 61186, KoreaDepartment of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Gwangju 61186, KoreaDepartment of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Gwangju 61186, KoreaA distance map captured using a time-of-flight (ToF) depth sensor has fundamental problems, such as ambiguous depth information in shiny or dark surfaces, optical noise, and mismatched boundaries. Severe depth errors exist in shiny and dark surfaces owing to excess reflection and excess absorption of light, respectively. Dealing with this problem has been a challenge due to the inherent hardware limitations of ToF, which measures the distance using the number of reflected photons. This study proposes a distance error correction method using three ToF sensors, set to different integration times to address the ambiguity in depth information. First, the three ToF depth sensors are installed horizontally at different integration times to capture distance maps at different integration times. Given the amplitude maps and error regions are estimated based on the amount of light, the estimated error regions are refined by exploiting the accurate depth information from the neighboring depth sensors that use different integration times. Moreover, we propose a new optical noise reduction filter that considers the distribution of the depth information biased toward one side. Experimental results verified that the proposed method overcomes the drawbacks of ToF cameras and provides enhanced distance maps.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/4/1156time-of-flightoptical noise reduction filterasynchronous integration time3d warping |
| spellingShingle | Eu-Tteum Baek Hyung-Jeong Yang Soo-Hyung Kim Gueesang Lee Hieyong Jeong Distance Error Correction in Time-of-Flight Cameras Using Asynchronous Integration Time Sensors time-of-flight optical noise reduction filter asynchronous integration time 3d warping |
| title | Distance Error Correction in Time-of-Flight Cameras Using Asynchronous Integration Time |
| title_full | Distance Error Correction in Time-of-Flight Cameras Using Asynchronous Integration Time |
| title_fullStr | Distance Error Correction in Time-of-Flight Cameras Using Asynchronous Integration Time |
| title_full_unstemmed | Distance Error Correction in Time-of-Flight Cameras Using Asynchronous Integration Time |
| title_short | Distance Error Correction in Time-of-Flight Cameras Using Asynchronous Integration Time |
| title_sort | distance error correction in time of flight cameras using asynchronous integration time |
| topic | time-of-flight optical noise reduction filter asynchronous integration time 3d warping |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/4/1156 |
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