Delivery of Toxins and Effectors by Bacterial Membrane Vesicles
Pathogenic bacteria interact with cells of their host via many factors. The surface components, i.e., adhesins, lipoproteins, LPS and glycoconjugates, are particularly important in the initial stages of colonization. They enable adhesion and multiplication, as well as the formation of biofilms. In c...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/12/845 |
| _version_ | 1797500158560174080 |
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| author | Adrian Macion Agnieszka Wyszyńska Renata Godlewska |
| author_facet | Adrian Macion Agnieszka Wyszyńska Renata Godlewska |
| author_sort | Adrian Macion |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pathogenic bacteria interact with cells of their host via many factors. The surface components, i.e., adhesins, lipoproteins, LPS and glycoconjugates, are particularly important in the initial stages of colonization. They enable adhesion and multiplication, as well as the formation of biofilms. In contrast, virulence factors such as invasins and toxins act quickly to damage host cells, causing tissue destruction and, consequently, organ dysfunction. These proteins must be exported from the bacterium and delivered to the host cell in order to function effectively. Bacteria have developed a number of one- and two-step secretion systems to transport their proteins to target cells. Recently, several authors have postulated the existence of another transport system (sometimes called “secretion system type zero”), which utilizes extracellular structures, namely membrane vesicles (MVs). This review examines the role of MVs as transporters of virulence factors and the interaction of toxin-containing vesicles and other protein effectors with different human cell types. We focus on the unique ability of vesicles to cross the blood–brain barrier and deliver protein effectors from intestinal or oral bacteria to the central nervous system. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:57:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3fa2518e8fbd43fb9ebc7e9937cc1e2d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:57:51Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-3fa2518e8fbd43fb9ebc7e9937cc1e2d2023-11-23T10:50:22ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512021-11-01131284510.3390/toxins13120845Delivery of Toxins and Effectors by Bacterial Membrane VesiclesAdrian Macion0Agnieszka Wyszyńska1Renata Godlewska2Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, PolandPathogenic bacteria interact with cells of their host via many factors. The surface components, i.e., adhesins, lipoproteins, LPS and glycoconjugates, are particularly important in the initial stages of colonization. They enable adhesion and multiplication, as well as the formation of biofilms. In contrast, virulence factors such as invasins and toxins act quickly to damage host cells, causing tissue destruction and, consequently, organ dysfunction. These proteins must be exported from the bacterium and delivered to the host cell in order to function effectively. Bacteria have developed a number of one- and two-step secretion systems to transport their proteins to target cells. Recently, several authors have postulated the existence of another transport system (sometimes called “secretion system type zero”), which utilizes extracellular structures, namely membrane vesicles (MVs). This review examines the role of MVs as transporters of virulence factors and the interaction of toxin-containing vesicles and other protein effectors with different human cell types. We focus on the unique ability of vesicles to cross the blood–brain barrier and deliver protein effectors from intestinal or oral bacteria to the central nervous system.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/12/845membrane vesiclevirulence factorssecretion systemspathogenesisbacterial toxins |
| spellingShingle | Adrian Macion Agnieszka Wyszyńska Renata Godlewska Delivery of Toxins and Effectors by Bacterial Membrane Vesicles Toxins membrane vesicle virulence factors secretion systems pathogenesis bacterial toxins |
| title | Delivery of Toxins and Effectors by Bacterial Membrane Vesicles |
| title_full | Delivery of Toxins and Effectors by Bacterial Membrane Vesicles |
| title_fullStr | Delivery of Toxins and Effectors by Bacterial Membrane Vesicles |
| title_full_unstemmed | Delivery of Toxins and Effectors by Bacterial Membrane Vesicles |
| title_short | Delivery of Toxins and Effectors by Bacterial Membrane Vesicles |
| title_sort | delivery of toxins and effectors by bacterial membrane vesicles |
| topic | membrane vesicle virulence factors secretion systems pathogenesis bacterial toxins |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/12/845 |
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