Prevalence and factors associated with restless legs syndrome among pregnant women in middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
IntroductionRestless legs syndrome (RLS) is a debilitating condition characterized by uncomfortable sensations in the legs, typically occurring during periods of rest or sleep. It is more prevalent during pregnancy and is linked to sleep disturbances, diminished quality of life, and pregnancy compli...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2023.1326337/full |
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| author | Esuyawkal Mislu Betel Assalfew Mulugeta Wodaje Arage Fiker Chane Tilahun Hailu Lebeza Alemu Tenaw Atitegeb Abera Kidie Henok Kumsa |
| author_facet | Esuyawkal Mislu Betel Assalfew Mulugeta Wodaje Arage Fiker Chane Tilahun Hailu Lebeza Alemu Tenaw Atitegeb Abera Kidie Henok Kumsa |
| author_sort | Esuyawkal Mislu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionRestless legs syndrome (RLS) is a debilitating condition characterized by uncomfortable sensations in the legs, typically occurring during periods of rest or sleep. It is more prevalent during pregnancy and is linked to sleep disturbances, diminished quality of life, and pregnancy complications. However, previous studies yielded inconsistent findings among pregnant women in middle-income countries. Consequently, this systematic review and meta-analysis sought to determine the pooled prevalence of restless legs syndrome and its associated factors in these populations.MethodA systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted on published studies from middle-income countries until May 2023. The review strictly adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Relevant search terms were used to search for studies in PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. Data extraction was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool for prevalence studies. The meta-analysis was conducted using STATA 17 software, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test, while publication bias was evaluated using Egger's test. Forest plots were also used to present the pooled prevalence and odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) using the random-effects model.ResultThis review included 22 studies from nine countries with a total of 17, 580 study participants. The overall pooled prevalence of RLS among pregnant women in middle-income countries was 13.82% (95% CI: 13.31, 14.32), and having low hemoglobin level (AOR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.29, 2.18), history of RLS (AOR: 7.54, 95% CI: 3.02, 18.79), muscle cramps (AOR: 3.58, 95% CI: 1.21, 10.61), excessive day time sleepiness (AOR: 4.02, 95% CI: 1.34, 12.04), preeclampsia (AOR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.28, 3.30), and taking prophylactic iron supplementation (AOR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.50, 0.69) were the identified factors associated with it.ConclusionGenerally, nearly one in every eight pregnant women in middle-income countries develop restless legs syndrome during pregnancy. Having low hemoglobin level, a history of RLS, muscle cramps, excessive daytime sleepiness, preeclampsia, and taking prophylactic iron supplementation were the identified factors associated with it. These findings underscore the importance of addressing the identified factors associated with RLS in order to effectively mitigate its occurrence among pregnant women. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T21:33:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3fa5373e42c541a5b3c7318228b65756 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-858X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T21:33:00Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-3fa5373e42c541a5b3c7318228b657562023-12-21T04:38:00ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Medicine2296-858X2023-12-011010.3389/fmed.2023.13263371326337Prevalence and factors associated with restless legs syndrome among pregnant women in middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysisEsuyawkal Mislu0Betel Assalfew1Mulugeta Wodaje Arage2Fiker Chane3Tilahun Hailu4Lebeza Alemu Tenaw5Atitegeb Abera Kidie6Henok Kumsa7School of Midwifery, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, EthiopiaSchool of Midwifery, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, EthiopiaSchool of Midwifery, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, EthiopiaSchool of Midwifery, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, EthiopiaSchool of Public Health, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, EthiopiaSchool of Public Health, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, EthiopiaSchool of Public Health, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, EthiopiaSchool of Midwifery, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, EthiopiaIntroductionRestless legs syndrome (RLS) is a debilitating condition characterized by uncomfortable sensations in the legs, typically occurring during periods of rest or sleep. It is more prevalent during pregnancy and is linked to sleep disturbances, diminished quality of life, and pregnancy complications. However, previous studies yielded inconsistent findings among pregnant women in middle-income countries. Consequently, this systematic review and meta-analysis sought to determine the pooled prevalence of restless legs syndrome and its associated factors in these populations.MethodA systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted on published studies from middle-income countries until May 2023. The review strictly adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Relevant search terms were used to search for studies in PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. Data extraction was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool for prevalence studies. The meta-analysis was conducted using STATA 17 software, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test, while publication bias was evaluated using Egger's test. Forest plots were also used to present the pooled prevalence and odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) using the random-effects model.ResultThis review included 22 studies from nine countries with a total of 17, 580 study participants. The overall pooled prevalence of RLS among pregnant women in middle-income countries was 13.82% (95% CI: 13.31, 14.32), and having low hemoglobin level (AOR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.29, 2.18), history of RLS (AOR: 7.54, 95% CI: 3.02, 18.79), muscle cramps (AOR: 3.58, 95% CI: 1.21, 10.61), excessive day time sleepiness (AOR: 4.02, 95% CI: 1.34, 12.04), preeclampsia (AOR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.28, 3.30), and taking prophylactic iron supplementation (AOR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.50, 0.69) were the identified factors associated with it.ConclusionGenerally, nearly one in every eight pregnant women in middle-income countries develop restless legs syndrome during pregnancy. Having low hemoglobin level, a history of RLS, muscle cramps, excessive daytime sleepiness, preeclampsia, and taking prophylactic iron supplementation were the identified factors associated with it. These findings underscore the importance of addressing the identified factors associated with RLS in order to effectively mitigate its occurrence among pregnant women.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2023.1326337/fullrestless legs syndromesystematic reviewmeta-analysissleep qualityRLS |
| spellingShingle | Esuyawkal Mislu Betel Assalfew Mulugeta Wodaje Arage Fiker Chane Tilahun Hailu Lebeza Alemu Tenaw Atitegeb Abera Kidie Henok Kumsa Prevalence and factors associated with restless legs syndrome among pregnant women in middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis Frontiers in Medicine restless legs syndrome systematic review meta-analysis sleep quality RLS |
| title | Prevalence and factors associated with restless legs syndrome among pregnant women in middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_full | Prevalence and factors associated with restless legs syndrome among pregnant women in middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence and factors associated with restless legs syndrome among pregnant women in middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence and factors associated with restless legs syndrome among pregnant women in middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_short | Prevalence and factors associated with restless legs syndrome among pregnant women in middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_sort | prevalence and factors associated with restless legs syndrome among pregnant women in middle income countries a systematic review and meta analysis |
| topic | restless legs syndrome systematic review meta-analysis sleep quality RLS |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2023.1326337/full |
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