N, S Co-Doped Carbons Derived from <i>Enteromorpha prolifera</i> by a Molten Salt Approach: Antibiotics Removal Performance and Techno-Economic Analysis
N, S co-doped bio-carbons with a hierarchical porous structure and high surface area were prepared using a molten salt method and by adopting <i>Entermorpha prolifera</i> (EP) as a precursor. The structure and composition of the bio-carbons could be manipulated by the salt types adopted...
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/23/4289 |
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| author | Mengmeng Zhang Kexin Huang Yi Ding Xinyu Wang Yingli Gao Pengfei Li Yi Zhou Zheng Guo Yi Zhang Dapeng Wu |
| author_facet | Mengmeng Zhang Kexin Huang Yi Ding Xinyu Wang Yingli Gao Pengfei Li Yi Zhou Zheng Guo Yi Zhang Dapeng Wu |
| author_sort | Mengmeng Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | N, S co-doped bio-carbons with a hierarchical porous structure and high surface area were prepared using a molten salt method and by adopting <i>Entermorpha prolifera</i> (EP) as a precursor. The structure and composition of the bio-carbons could be manipulated by the salt types adopted in the molten salt assisted pyrolysis. When the carbons were used as an activating agent for peroxydisulfate (PDS) in SMX degradation in the advanced oxidation process (AOP), the removal performance in the case of KCl derived bio-carbon (EPB-K) was significantly enhanced compared with that derived from NaCl (EPB-Na). In addition, the optimized EPB-K also demonstrated a high removal rate of 99.6% in the system that used local running water in the background, which proved its excellent application potential in real water treatment. The degradation mechanism study indicated that the N, S doping sites could enhance the surface affinity with the PDS, which could then facilitate <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> generation and the oxidation of the SMX. Moreover, a detailed techno-economic assessment suggested that the price of the salt reaction medium was of great significance as it influenced the cost of the bio-carbons. In addition, although the cost of EPB-K was higher (USD 2.34 kg<sup>−1</sup>) compared with that of EPB-Na (USD 1.72 kg<sup>−1</sup>), it was still economically competitive with the commercial active carbons for AOP water treatment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:37:33Z |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:37:33Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-3fb615a2a09b41cd91f73c179ea19dd02023-11-24T11:48:32ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912022-12-011223428910.3390/nano12234289N, S Co-Doped Carbons Derived from <i>Enteromorpha prolifera</i> by a Molten Salt Approach: Antibiotics Removal Performance and Techno-Economic AnalysisMengmeng Zhang0Kexin Huang1Yi Ding2Xinyu Wang3Yingli Gao4Pengfei Li5Yi Zhou6Zheng Guo7Yi Zhang8Dapeng Wu9School of Business, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, ChinaKey Laboratory of Green Chemistry Medias and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, ChinaSchool of Business, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, ChinaKey Laboratory of Green Chemistry Medias and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, ChinaSchool of Business, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, ChinaSchool of Business, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, ChinaKey Laboratory of Green Chemistry Medias and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, ChinaCollege of Textiles, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 451191, ChinaCollege of Textiles, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 451191, ChinaKey Laboratory of Green Chemistry Medias and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, ChinaN, S co-doped bio-carbons with a hierarchical porous structure and high surface area were prepared using a molten salt method and by adopting <i>Entermorpha prolifera</i> (EP) as a precursor. The structure and composition of the bio-carbons could be manipulated by the salt types adopted in the molten salt assisted pyrolysis. When the carbons were used as an activating agent for peroxydisulfate (PDS) in SMX degradation in the advanced oxidation process (AOP), the removal performance in the case of KCl derived bio-carbon (EPB-K) was significantly enhanced compared with that derived from NaCl (EPB-Na). In addition, the optimized EPB-K also demonstrated a high removal rate of 99.6% in the system that used local running water in the background, which proved its excellent application potential in real water treatment. The degradation mechanism study indicated that the N, S doping sites could enhance the surface affinity with the PDS, which could then facilitate <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> generation and the oxidation of the SMX. Moreover, a detailed techno-economic assessment suggested that the price of the salt reaction medium was of great significance as it influenced the cost of the bio-carbons. In addition, although the cost of EPB-K was higher (USD 2.34 kg<sup>−1</sup>) compared with that of EPB-Na (USD 1.72 kg<sup>−1</sup>), it was still economically competitive with the commercial active carbons for AOP water treatment.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/23/4289bio-carbonadvanced oxidationpersulfatesulfamethoxazolemolten salt method |
| spellingShingle | Mengmeng Zhang Kexin Huang Yi Ding Xinyu Wang Yingli Gao Pengfei Li Yi Zhou Zheng Guo Yi Zhang Dapeng Wu N, S Co-Doped Carbons Derived from <i>Enteromorpha prolifera</i> by a Molten Salt Approach: Antibiotics Removal Performance and Techno-Economic Analysis Nanomaterials bio-carbon advanced oxidation persulfate sulfamethoxazole molten salt method |
| title | N, S Co-Doped Carbons Derived from <i>Enteromorpha prolifera</i> by a Molten Salt Approach: Antibiotics Removal Performance and Techno-Economic Analysis |
| title_full | N, S Co-Doped Carbons Derived from <i>Enteromorpha prolifera</i> by a Molten Salt Approach: Antibiotics Removal Performance and Techno-Economic Analysis |
| title_fullStr | N, S Co-Doped Carbons Derived from <i>Enteromorpha prolifera</i> by a Molten Salt Approach: Antibiotics Removal Performance and Techno-Economic Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | N, S Co-Doped Carbons Derived from <i>Enteromorpha prolifera</i> by a Molten Salt Approach: Antibiotics Removal Performance and Techno-Economic Analysis |
| title_short | N, S Co-Doped Carbons Derived from <i>Enteromorpha prolifera</i> by a Molten Salt Approach: Antibiotics Removal Performance and Techno-Economic Analysis |
| title_sort | n s co doped carbons derived from i enteromorpha prolifera i by a molten salt approach antibiotics removal performance and techno economic analysis |
| topic | bio-carbon advanced oxidation persulfate sulfamethoxazole molten salt method |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/23/4289 |
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