Rhizobia Inoculation Supplemented with Nitrogen Fertilization Enhances Root Nodulation, Productivity, and Nitrogen Dynamics in Soil and Black Gram (<i>Vigna mungo</i> (L.) Hepper)
The potential interactions of rhizobium bacteria in enhancing nodulation, nitrogen (N) fixation for boosting N availability, and the yield of black gram under a temperate environment continue to remain unexplored. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of black gram cultiv...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/12/7/1434 |
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| author | Mahran Sadiq Nasir Rahim Muhammad Aamir Iqbal Mashael Daghash Alqahtani Majid Mahmood Tahir Afshan Majeed Raees Ahmed |
| author_facet | Mahran Sadiq Nasir Rahim Muhammad Aamir Iqbal Mashael Daghash Alqahtani Majid Mahmood Tahir Afshan Majeed Raees Ahmed |
| author_sort | Mahran Sadiq |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The potential interactions of rhizobium bacteria in enhancing nodulation, nitrogen (N) fixation for boosting N availability, and the yield of black gram under a temperate environment continue to remain unexplored. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of black gram cultivars, their yield comparisons, and shoot–grain–soil N dynamics in a prevalently rainfed farming system. Two black gram cultivars, NARC Mash-I and NARC Mash-II, were subjected to rhizobia inoculation combined with different N doses (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>). The response variables included root nodulation, agronomic yield attributes, grain yield, shoot–grain and soil N dynamics, and biological productivity. Black gram cultivar NARC Mash-II showed the maximum nodule formation (41 per plant), while each nodule obtained 0.69 g weight in response to RI combined with 25 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>. Additionally, this combination showed the highest pods per plant and thousand grain weight, which maximized the grain yield (1777 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>) and biological productivity (3007 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>). In contrast, NARC Mash-I under 50 kg N recorded the highest shoot N content, while the same cultivar under 100 kg N exhibited the maximum soil N content. The correlation analyses indicated a significantly robust association among the nodule numbers, grain weight, and N contents in different plant organs. These results give mechanistic insights into plant–microbe interactions based on the eco-friendly, sustainable, and smart agricultural practice of black gram production in a temperate environment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:54:36Z |
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| issn | 2073-445X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:54:36Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
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| series | Land |
| spelling | doaj.art-3fb7b9d181a64a56929fbef7fcacb4c02023-11-18T20:07:34ZengMDPI AGLand2073-445X2023-07-01127143410.3390/land12071434Rhizobia Inoculation Supplemented with Nitrogen Fertilization Enhances Root Nodulation, Productivity, and Nitrogen Dynamics in Soil and Black Gram (<i>Vigna mungo</i> (L.) Hepper)Mahran Sadiq0Nasir Rahim1Muhammad Aamir Iqbal2Mashael Daghash Alqahtani3Majid Mahmood Tahir4Afshan Majeed5Raees Ahmed6College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaDepartment of Soil & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot 12350, PakistanDepartment of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot 12350, PakistanDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Soil & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot 12350, PakistanDepartment of Soil & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot 12350, PakistanDepartment of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot 12350, PakistanThe potential interactions of rhizobium bacteria in enhancing nodulation, nitrogen (N) fixation for boosting N availability, and the yield of black gram under a temperate environment continue to remain unexplored. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of black gram cultivars, their yield comparisons, and shoot–grain–soil N dynamics in a prevalently rainfed farming system. Two black gram cultivars, NARC Mash-I and NARC Mash-II, were subjected to rhizobia inoculation combined with different N doses (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>). The response variables included root nodulation, agronomic yield attributes, grain yield, shoot–grain and soil N dynamics, and biological productivity. Black gram cultivar NARC Mash-II showed the maximum nodule formation (41 per plant), while each nodule obtained 0.69 g weight in response to RI combined with 25 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>. Additionally, this combination showed the highest pods per plant and thousand grain weight, which maximized the grain yield (1777 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>) and biological productivity (3007 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>). In contrast, NARC Mash-I under 50 kg N recorded the highest shoot N content, while the same cultivar under 100 kg N exhibited the maximum soil N content. The correlation analyses indicated a significantly robust association among the nodule numbers, grain weight, and N contents in different plant organs. These results give mechanistic insights into plant–microbe interactions based on the eco-friendly, sustainable, and smart agricultural practice of black gram production in a temperate environment.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/12/7/1434pulsesphenotypic divergenceroot nodulationtemperate climatenitrogen dynamics |
| spellingShingle | Mahran Sadiq Nasir Rahim Muhammad Aamir Iqbal Mashael Daghash Alqahtani Majid Mahmood Tahir Afshan Majeed Raees Ahmed Rhizobia Inoculation Supplemented with Nitrogen Fertilization Enhances Root Nodulation, Productivity, and Nitrogen Dynamics in Soil and Black Gram (<i>Vigna mungo</i> (L.) Hepper) Land pulses phenotypic divergence root nodulation temperate climate nitrogen dynamics |
| title | Rhizobia Inoculation Supplemented with Nitrogen Fertilization Enhances Root Nodulation, Productivity, and Nitrogen Dynamics in Soil and Black Gram (<i>Vigna mungo</i> (L.) Hepper) |
| title_full | Rhizobia Inoculation Supplemented with Nitrogen Fertilization Enhances Root Nodulation, Productivity, and Nitrogen Dynamics in Soil and Black Gram (<i>Vigna mungo</i> (L.) Hepper) |
| title_fullStr | Rhizobia Inoculation Supplemented with Nitrogen Fertilization Enhances Root Nodulation, Productivity, and Nitrogen Dynamics in Soil and Black Gram (<i>Vigna mungo</i> (L.) Hepper) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Rhizobia Inoculation Supplemented with Nitrogen Fertilization Enhances Root Nodulation, Productivity, and Nitrogen Dynamics in Soil and Black Gram (<i>Vigna mungo</i> (L.) Hepper) |
| title_short | Rhizobia Inoculation Supplemented with Nitrogen Fertilization Enhances Root Nodulation, Productivity, and Nitrogen Dynamics in Soil and Black Gram (<i>Vigna mungo</i> (L.) Hepper) |
| title_sort | rhizobia inoculation supplemented with nitrogen fertilization enhances root nodulation productivity and nitrogen dynamics in soil and black gram i vigna mungo i l hepper |
| topic | pulses phenotypic divergence root nodulation temperate climate nitrogen dynamics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/12/7/1434 |
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