Simulation of Primary Particle Development and Their Impact on Microstructural Evolution of Sc-Modified Aluminum Alloys during Additive Manufacturing
The microstructures of additively manufactured Sc- and Zr-modified aluminum alloys are significantly influenced by the nucleation role of solid intermetallic particles in undercooled liquid. To replicate such effects, a precipitation model relying on L12-Al3Sc particles is developed. An initiation c...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Metals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/7/1056 |
| _version_ | 1797528187354218496 |
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| author | Mohammad Sadegh Mohebbi Vasily Ploshikhin |
| author_facet | Mohammad Sadegh Mohebbi Vasily Ploshikhin |
| author_sort | Mohammad Sadegh Mohebbi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The microstructures of additively manufactured Sc- and Zr-modified aluminum alloys are significantly influenced by the nucleation role of solid intermetallic particles in undercooled liquid. To replicate such effects, a precipitation model relying on L12-Al3Sc particles is developed. An initiation criterion is proposed based on the precipitation kinetics of primary particles to address solute trapping under high solidification rates. Avrami’s equation is then used to estimate the progress of precipitation. The model is integrated into a cellular automata (CA) analysis to simulate the resulting solidified microstructure, in that the precipitation model is performed implicitly within the CA cells. It is shown that, in accordance with the experimental findings, the proposed simulation approach can predict the distinct fine- (FG) and coarse-grained (CG) zones at the fusion boundary and the meltpool core, respectively. The model can also deliver the reported enhancement of the FG zone under lower scanning speed and higher platform temperatures. These findings are explained in terms of particle number densities at different meltpool regions. Moreover, a semi-2D simulation with a very small cell size is suggested to address the extremely fine grain structure within the FG zone. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:54:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3fbd4d47808e49d08cc90b1871d4b0ce |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4701 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:54:37Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metals |
| spelling | doaj.art-3fbd4d47808e49d08cc90b1871d4b0ce2023-11-22T02:26:17ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012021-06-01117105610.3390/met11071056Simulation of Primary Particle Development and Their Impact on Microstructural Evolution of Sc-Modified Aluminum Alloys during Additive ManufacturingMohammad Sadegh Mohebbi0Vasily Ploshikhin1Bremer Center for Computational Materials Science, Faculty of Physics and Electrical Engineering, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, GermanyBremer Center for Computational Materials Science, Faculty of Physics and Electrical Engineering, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, GermanyThe microstructures of additively manufactured Sc- and Zr-modified aluminum alloys are significantly influenced by the nucleation role of solid intermetallic particles in undercooled liquid. To replicate such effects, a precipitation model relying on L12-Al3Sc particles is developed. An initiation criterion is proposed based on the precipitation kinetics of primary particles to address solute trapping under high solidification rates. Avrami’s equation is then used to estimate the progress of precipitation. The model is integrated into a cellular automata (CA) analysis to simulate the resulting solidified microstructure, in that the precipitation model is performed implicitly within the CA cells. It is shown that, in accordance with the experimental findings, the proposed simulation approach can predict the distinct fine- (FG) and coarse-grained (CG) zones at the fusion boundary and the meltpool core, respectively. The model can also deliver the reported enhancement of the FG zone under lower scanning speed and higher platform temperatures. These findings are explained in terms of particle number densities at different meltpool regions. Moreover, a semi-2D simulation with a very small cell size is suggested to address the extremely fine grain structure within the FG zone.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/7/1056additive manufacturingSc-modified Al alloysmicrostructural simulationnucleationprecipitationcellular automata |
| spellingShingle | Mohammad Sadegh Mohebbi Vasily Ploshikhin Simulation of Primary Particle Development and Their Impact on Microstructural Evolution of Sc-Modified Aluminum Alloys during Additive Manufacturing Metals additive manufacturing Sc-modified Al alloys microstructural simulation nucleation precipitation cellular automata |
| title | Simulation of Primary Particle Development and Their Impact on Microstructural Evolution of Sc-Modified Aluminum Alloys during Additive Manufacturing |
| title_full | Simulation of Primary Particle Development and Their Impact on Microstructural Evolution of Sc-Modified Aluminum Alloys during Additive Manufacturing |
| title_fullStr | Simulation of Primary Particle Development and Their Impact on Microstructural Evolution of Sc-Modified Aluminum Alloys during Additive Manufacturing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Simulation of Primary Particle Development and Their Impact on Microstructural Evolution of Sc-Modified Aluminum Alloys during Additive Manufacturing |
| title_short | Simulation of Primary Particle Development and Their Impact on Microstructural Evolution of Sc-Modified Aluminum Alloys during Additive Manufacturing |
| title_sort | simulation of primary particle development and their impact on microstructural evolution of sc modified aluminum alloys during additive manufacturing |
| topic | additive manufacturing Sc-modified Al alloys microstructural simulation nucleation precipitation cellular automata |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/7/1056 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mohammadsadeghmohebbi simulationofprimaryparticledevelopmentandtheirimpactonmicrostructuralevolutionofscmodifiedaluminumalloysduringadditivemanufacturing AT vasilyploshikhin simulationofprimaryparticledevelopmentandtheirimpactonmicrostructuralevolutionofscmodifiedaluminumalloysduringadditivemanufacturing |