Early-Life Stress Modulates Gut Microbiota and Peripheral and Central Inflammation in a Sex-Dependent Manner
Recent studies have reported that changes in gut microbiota composition could induce neuropsychiatric problems. In this study, we investigated alterations in gut microbiota induced by early-life stress (ELS) in rats subjected to maternal separation (MS; 6 h a day, postnatal days (PNDs) 1–21), along...
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/4/1899 |
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| author | Hae Jeong Park Sang A. Kim Won Sub Kang Jong Woo Kim |
| author_facet | Hae Jeong Park Sang A. Kim Won Sub Kang Jong Woo Kim |
| author_sort | Hae Jeong Park |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Recent studies have reported that changes in gut microbiota composition could induce neuropsychiatric problems. In this study, we investigated alterations in gut microbiota induced by early-life stress (ELS) in rats subjected to maternal separation (MS; 6 h a day, postnatal days (PNDs) 1–21), along with changes in inflammatory cytokines and tryptophan-kynurenine (TRP-KYN) metabolism, and assessed the differences between sexes. High-throughput sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene showed that the relative abundance of the <i>Bacteroides</i> genus was increased and that of the Lachnospiraceae family was decreased in the feces of MS rats of both sexes (PND 56). By comparison, MS increased the relative abundance of the <i>Streptococcus</i> genus and decreased that of the <i>Staphylococcus</i> genus only in males, whereas the abundance of the <i>Sporobacter</i> genus was enhanced and that of the <i>Mucispirillum</i> genus was reduced by MS only in females. In addition, the levels of proinflammatory cytokines were increased in the colons (IFN-γ and IL-6) and sera (IL-1β) of the male MS rats, together with the elevation of the KYN/TRP ratio in the sera, but not in females. In the hippocampus, MS elevated the level of IL-1β and the KYN/TRP ratio in both male and female rats. These results indicate that MS induces peripheral and central inflammation and TRP-KYN metabolism in a sex-dependent manner, together with sex-specific changes in gut microbes. |
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| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:52:21Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-3fc9c48dce43409a9bde76b14fa2f0fe2023-12-11T17:04:48ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-02-01224189910.3390/ijms22041899Early-Life Stress Modulates Gut Microbiota and Peripheral and Central Inflammation in a Sex-Dependent MannerHae Jeong Park0Sang A. Kim1Won Sub Kang2Jong Woo Kim3Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, KoreaDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, KoreaDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, KoreaDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, KoreaRecent studies have reported that changes in gut microbiota composition could induce neuropsychiatric problems. In this study, we investigated alterations in gut microbiota induced by early-life stress (ELS) in rats subjected to maternal separation (MS; 6 h a day, postnatal days (PNDs) 1–21), along with changes in inflammatory cytokines and tryptophan-kynurenine (TRP-KYN) metabolism, and assessed the differences between sexes. High-throughput sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene showed that the relative abundance of the <i>Bacteroides</i> genus was increased and that of the Lachnospiraceae family was decreased in the feces of MS rats of both sexes (PND 56). By comparison, MS increased the relative abundance of the <i>Streptococcus</i> genus and decreased that of the <i>Staphylococcus</i> genus only in males, whereas the abundance of the <i>Sporobacter</i> genus was enhanced and that of the <i>Mucispirillum</i> genus was reduced by MS only in females. In addition, the levels of proinflammatory cytokines were increased in the colons (IFN-γ and IL-6) and sera (IL-1β) of the male MS rats, together with the elevation of the KYN/TRP ratio in the sera, but not in females. In the hippocampus, MS elevated the level of IL-1β and the KYN/TRP ratio in both male and female rats. These results indicate that MS induces peripheral and central inflammation and TRP-KYN metabolism in a sex-dependent manner, together with sex-specific changes in gut microbes.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/4/1899early life stressmaternal separationgut microbiotainflammationkynureninecytokine |
| spellingShingle | Hae Jeong Park Sang A. Kim Won Sub Kang Jong Woo Kim Early-Life Stress Modulates Gut Microbiota and Peripheral and Central Inflammation in a Sex-Dependent Manner International Journal of Molecular Sciences early life stress maternal separation gut microbiota inflammation kynurenine cytokine |
| title | Early-Life Stress Modulates Gut Microbiota and Peripheral and Central Inflammation in a Sex-Dependent Manner |
| title_full | Early-Life Stress Modulates Gut Microbiota and Peripheral and Central Inflammation in a Sex-Dependent Manner |
| title_fullStr | Early-Life Stress Modulates Gut Microbiota and Peripheral and Central Inflammation in a Sex-Dependent Manner |
| title_full_unstemmed | Early-Life Stress Modulates Gut Microbiota and Peripheral and Central Inflammation in a Sex-Dependent Manner |
| title_short | Early-Life Stress Modulates Gut Microbiota and Peripheral and Central Inflammation in a Sex-Dependent Manner |
| title_sort | early life stress modulates gut microbiota and peripheral and central inflammation in a sex dependent manner |
| topic | early life stress maternal separation gut microbiota inflammation kynurenine cytokine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/4/1899 |
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