Female Reproductive Health and Exposure to Phthalates and Bisphenol A: A Cross Sectional Study
The xenoestrogenicity of some plasticisers (phthalates and bisphenol A) is documented in the literature and may pose a risk to female reproductive health. The aim of this study was to assess exposure to six phthalates. This was achieved by measuring their respective metabolites (mono-ethylphthalate...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-11-01
|
| Series: | Toxics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/9/11/299 |
| _version_ | 1827675288251662336 |
|---|---|
| author | Lidia Caporossi Paola Viganò Enrico Paci Silvia Capanna Alessandra Alteri Giovanni Campo Daniela Pigini Mariangela De Rosa Giovanna Tranfo Bruno Papaleo |
| author_facet | Lidia Caporossi Paola Viganò Enrico Paci Silvia Capanna Alessandra Alteri Giovanni Campo Daniela Pigini Mariangela De Rosa Giovanna Tranfo Bruno Papaleo |
| author_sort | Lidia Caporossi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The xenoestrogenicity of some plasticisers (phthalates and bisphenol A) is documented in the literature and may pose a risk to female reproductive health. The aim of this study was to assess exposure to six phthalates. This was achieved by measuring their respective metabolites (mono-ethylphthalate (MEP); mono-n-butylphthalate (MnBP); mono-n-ottylphthalate (MnOP); and monobenzylphthalate (MBzP)), as well as the sum of two of the diethyl-hexyl phthalate metabolites-(∑DEHP) and bisphenol A (BPA) in a female population with infertility problems, and by conducting a correlation analysis between infertility factors, work activities, and lifestyle habits, in order to formulate a causal hypothesis. A cross-sectional epidemiological study was carried out and women under 43 years of age were recruited from an assisted reproduction technology (ART) center; the sample of 186 women was given a specific questionnaire and a spot urine sample was collected. Phthalate metabolites and urinary BPA were analyzed by HPLC/MS/MS. The results showed significantly higher mean values for MEP in women with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) (820.5 ± 1929.5 µg/g of creatinine) and idiopathic infertility (230.0 ± 794.2 µg/g of creatinine) than in women with other infertility factors (76.9 ± 171.8 µg/g of creatinine). Similarly, for MnOP levels, women with idiopathic infertility (2.95 ± 3.44 µg/g of creatinine) showed significantly higher values than women with the other infertility factors taken together (1.35 ± 2.05 µg/g of creatinine). Women with tubal factors of infertility, RPL, and endocrine dysfunctions show higher values of DEHP (<i>p</i> = 0.032). Considering occupations, women working in commerce showed more than twice as much urinary BPA levels (1.10 ± 0.48 µg/g of creatinine) compared to women working in other industries (0.45 ± 0.35 µg/g of creatinine). The presence of significantly higher values of certain phthalates, DEHP in particular, especially in women with RPL and idiopathic infertility, suggests a possible involvement of these compounds as competing factors in reproductive issues. The study of sources of exposure suggested that the working activity in trade, as a casher in particular, represents a major one for BPA (<i>p</i> = 0.015). |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:01:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3fe3fd34f1b2465283315769b1ba749d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:01:01Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj.art-3fe3fd34f1b2465283315769b1ba749d2023-11-23T01:47:59ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042021-11-0191129910.3390/toxics9110299Female Reproductive Health and Exposure to Phthalates and Bisphenol A: A Cross Sectional StudyLidia Caporossi0Paola Viganò1Enrico Paci2Silvia Capanna3Alessandra Alteri4Giovanni Campo5Daniela Pigini6Mariangela De Rosa7Giovanna Tranfo8Bruno Papaleo9INAIL—National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Via Fontana Candida 1, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, ItalyFondazione Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Infertility Unit, Via M. Fanti, 20132 Milan, ItalyINAIL—National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Via Fontana Candida 1, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, ItalyINAIL—National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Via Fontana Candida 1, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, ItalyScientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, ItalyScientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, ItalyINAIL—National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Via Fontana Candida 1, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, ItalyINAIL—National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Via Fontana Candida 1, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, ItalyINAIL—National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Via Fontana Candida 1, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, ItalyINAIL—National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Via Fontana Candida 1, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, ItalyThe xenoestrogenicity of some plasticisers (phthalates and bisphenol A) is documented in the literature and may pose a risk to female reproductive health. The aim of this study was to assess exposure to six phthalates. This was achieved by measuring their respective metabolites (mono-ethylphthalate (MEP); mono-n-butylphthalate (MnBP); mono-n-ottylphthalate (MnOP); and monobenzylphthalate (MBzP)), as well as the sum of two of the diethyl-hexyl phthalate metabolites-(∑DEHP) and bisphenol A (BPA) in a female population with infertility problems, and by conducting a correlation analysis between infertility factors, work activities, and lifestyle habits, in order to formulate a causal hypothesis. A cross-sectional epidemiological study was carried out and women under 43 years of age were recruited from an assisted reproduction technology (ART) center; the sample of 186 women was given a specific questionnaire and a spot urine sample was collected. Phthalate metabolites and urinary BPA were analyzed by HPLC/MS/MS. The results showed significantly higher mean values for MEP in women with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) (820.5 ± 1929.5 µg/g of creatinine) and idiopathic infertility (230.0 ± 794.2 µg/g of creatinine) than in women with other infertility factors (76.9 ± 171.8 µg/g of creatinine). Similarly, for MnOP levels, women with idiopathic infertility (2.95 ± 3.44 µg/g of creatinine) showed significantly higher values than women with the other infertility factors taken together (1.35 ± 2.05 µg/g of creatinine). Women with tubal factors of infertility, RPL, and endocrine dysfunctions show higher values of DEHP (<i>p</i> = 0.032). Considering occupations, women working in commerce showed more than twice as much urinary BPA levels (1.10 ± 0.48 µg/g of creatinine) compared to women working in other industries (0.45 ± 0.35 µg/g of creatinine). The presence of significantly higher values of certain phthalates, DEHP in particular, especially in women with RPL and idiopathic infertility, suggests a possible involvement of these compounds as competing factors in reproductive issues. The study of sources of exposure suggested that the working activity in trade, as a casher in particular, represents a major one for BPA (<i>p</i> = 0.015).https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/9/11/299phthalatesreproductive healthwomenbisphenol Aendocrine disrupters |
| spellingShingle | Lidia Caporossi Paola Viganò Enrico Paci Silvia Capanna Alessandra Alteri Giovanni Campo Daniela Pigini Mariangela De Rosa Giovanna Tranfo Bruno Papaleo Female Reproductive Health and Exposure to Phthalates and Bisphenol A: A Cross Sectional Study Toxics phthalates reproductive health women bisphenol A endocrine disrupters |
| title | Female Reproductive Health and Exposure to Phthalates and Bisphenol A: A Cross Sectional Study |
| title_full | Female Reproductive Health and Exposure to Phthalates and Bisphenol A: A Cross Sectional Study |
| title_fullStr | Female Reproductive Health and Exposure to Phthalates and Bisphenol A: A Cross Sectional Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Female Reproductive Health and Exposure to Phthalates and Bisphenol A: A Cross Sectional Study |
| title_short | Female Reproductive Health and Exposure to Phthalates and Bisphenol A: A Cross Sectional Study |
| title_sort | female reproductive health and exposure to phthalates and bisphenol a a cross sectional study |
| topic | phthalates reproductive health women bisphenol A endocrine disrupters |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/9/11/299 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT lidiacaporossi femalereproductivehealthandexposuretophthalatesandbisphenolaacrosssectionalstudy AT paolavigano femalereproductivehealthandexposuretophthalatesandbisphenolaacrosssectionalstudy AT enricopaci femalereproductivehealthandexposuretophthalatesandbisphenolaacrosssectionalstudy AT silviacapanna femalereproductivehealthandexposuretophthalatesandbisphenolaacrosssectionalstudy AT alessandraalteri femalereproductivehealthandexposuretophthalatesandbisphenolaacrosssectionalstudy AT giovannicampo femalereproductivehealthandexposuretophthalatesandbisphenolaacrosssectionalstudy AT danielapigini femalereproductivehealthandexposuretophthalatesandbisphenolaacrosssectionalstudy AT mariangeladerosa femalereproductivehealthandexposuretophthalatesandbisphenolaacrosssectionalstudy AT giovannatranfo femalereproductivehealthandexposuretophthalatesandbisphenolaacrosssectionalstudy AT brunopapaleo femalereproductivehealthandexposuretophthalatesandbisphenolaacrosssectionalstudy |