Energy Consumption Evaluation of a Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks in Mesh Scenarios for Precision Agriculture
Sensor nodes are small, low-cost electronic devices that can self-organize into low-power networks and are susceptible to data packet loss, having computational and energy limitations. These devices expand the possibilities in many areas, like agriculture and urban spaces. In this work, we consider...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-07-01
|
| Series: | Sensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/14/3814 |
| _version_ | 1797563004125970432 |
|---|---|
| author | Frederico O. Sales Yelco Marante Alex B. Vieira Edelberto Franco Silva |
| author_facet | Frederico O. Sales Yelco Marante Alex B. Vieira Edelberto Franco Silva |
| author_sort | Frederico O. Sales |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sensor nodes are small, low-cost electronic devices that can self-organize into low-power networks and are susceptible to data packet loss, having computational and energy limitations. These devices expand the possibilities in many areas, like agriculture and urban spaces. In this work, we consider an IoT environment for monitoring a coffee plantation in precision agriculture. We investigate the energy consumption under low-power and lossy networks considering three different network topologies and an Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standardized Low-power and Lossy Network (LLN) routing protocol, the Routing Protocol for LLNs (RPL). For RPL, each secondary node selects a better parent according to some Objective Functions (OFs). We conducted simulations using Contiki Cooja 3.0, where we considered the Expected Transmission Count (ETX) and hop-count metric (HOP) metrics to evaluate energy consumption for three distinct topologies: tree, circular, and grid. The simulation results show that the circular topology had the best (lowest) energy consumption, being 15% better than the grid topology and 30% against the tree topology. The results help the need to improve the evolution of RPL metrics and motivate the network management of the topology. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:36:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3fe69ddf07de4f018b1e9fb1a8e1c14d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:36:24Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-3fe69ddf07de4f018b1e9fb1a8e1c14d2023-11-20T06:10:55ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202020-07-012014381410.3390/s20143814Energy Consumption Evaluation of a Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks in Mesh Scenarios for Precision AgricultureFrederico O. Sales0Yelco Marante1Alex B. Vieira2Edelberto Franco Silva3Graduate Program in Computer Science—UFJF, Juiz de Fora-MG 36036-330, BrazilGraduate Program in Computer Science—UFJF, Juiz de Fora-MG 36036-330, BrazilGraduate Program in Computer Science—UFJF, Juiz de Fora-MG 36036-330, BrazilGraduate Program in Computer Science—UFJF, Juiz de Fora-MG 36036-330, BrazilSensor nodes are small, low-cost electronic devices that can self-organize into low-power networks and are susceptible to data packet loss, having computational and energy limitations. These devices expand the possibilities in many areas, like agriculture and urban spaces. In this work, we consider an IoT environment for monitoring a coffee plantation in precision agriculture. We investigate the energy consumption under low-power and lossy networks considering three different network topologies and an Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standardized Low-power and Lossy Network (LLN) routing protocol, the Routing Protocol for LLNs (RPL). For RPL, each secondary node selects a better parent according to some Objective Functions (OFs). We conducted simulations using Contiki Cooja 3.0, where we considered the Expected Transmission Count (ETX) and hop-count metric (HOP) metrics to evaluate energy consumption for three distinct topologies: tree, circular, and grid. The simulation results show that the circular topology had the best (lowest) energy consumption, being 15% better than the grid topology and 30% against the tree topology. The results help the need to improve the evolution of RPL metrics and motivate the network management of the topology.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/14/3814internet of thingsenergy consumptionrouting protocol for low-power and lossy networksprecision agriculturemesh networks |
| spellingShingle | Frederico O. Sales Yelco Marante Alex B. Vieira Edelberto Franco Silva Energy Consumption Evaluation of a Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks in Mesh Scenarios for Precision Agriculture Sensors internet of things energy consumption routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks precision agriculture mesh networks |
| title | Energy Consumption Evaluation of a Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks in Mesh Scenarios for Precision Agriculture |
| title_full | Energy Consumption Evaluation of a Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks in Mesh Scenarios for Precision Agriculture |
| title_fullStr | Energy Consumption Evaluation of a Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks in Mesh Scenarios for Precision Agriculture |
| title_full_unstemmed | Energy Consumption Evaluation of a Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks in Mesh Scenarios for Precision Agriculture |
| title_short | Energy Consumption Evaluation of a Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks in Mesh Scenarios for Precision Agriculture |
| title_sort | energy consumption evaluation of a routing protocol for low power and lossy networks in mesh scenarios for precision agriculture |
| topic | internet of things energy consumption routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks precision agriculture mesh networks |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/14/3814 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT fredericoosales energyconsumptionevaluationofaroutingprotocolforlowpowerandlossynetworksinmeshscenariosforprecisionagriculture AT yelcomarante energyconsumptionevaluationofaroutingprotocolforlowpowerandlossynetworksinmeshscenariosforprecisionagriculture AT alexbvieira energyconsumptionevaluationofaroutingprotocolforlowpowerandlossynetworksinmeshscenariosforprecisionagriculture AT edelbertofrancosilva energyconsumptionevaluationofaroutingprotocolforlowpowerandlossynetworksinmeshscenariosforprecisionagriculture |