| Summary: | <i>Psittacanthus calyculatus</i> is a hemiparasitic plant of an arboreal species (e.g., forest, fruit trees). Its foliage has therapeutic potential; however, little is known about its fruits. In this study, the phytochemical profile and biological activities of <i>P. calyculatus</i> fruits hosted by <i>Prosopis laevigata</i> and <i>Quercus deserticola</i> were evaluated. The fruits of <i>P. calyculatus</i> from <i>P. laevigata</i> showed the highest content of total phenols (71.396 ± 0.676 mg GAE/g DW). The highest content of flavonoids and anthocyanins was presented in those from <i>Q. deserticola</i> (14.232 ± 0.772 mg QE/g DW; 2.431 ± 0.020 mg C3GE/g DW). The anthocyanin cyanidin-3-glucoside was detected and quantified via high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) (306.682 ± 11.804 mg C3GE/g DW). Acidified extracts from host <i>P. laevigata</i> showed the highest antioxidant activity via ABTS<b><sup>•+</sup></b> (2,2′azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazdin-6-sulfonic acid) (214.810 ± 0.0802 mg TE/g DW). Fruit extracts with absolute ethanol from the <i>P. laevigata</i> host showed the highest antihypertensive activity (92 ± 3.054% inhibition of an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)). Fruit extracts from both hosts showed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 6.25 mg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 12.5 mg/mL against <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Salmonella choleraesuis</i> and <i>Shigella flexneri</i>. Interestingly, a significant host effect was found. <i>P. calyculatus</i> fruits extract could be used therapeutically. However, further confirmation experiments should be carried out.
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