Superconducting and Mechanical Properties of the Tl<sub>0.8</sub>Hg<sub>0.2</sub>Ba<sub>2</sub>Ca<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>9−δ</sub> Superconductor Phase Substituted by Lanthanum and Samarium Fluorides

Superconducting and Mechanical Properties of the Tl<sub>0.8</sub>Hg<sub>0.2</sub>Ba<sub>2</sub>Ca<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>9−δ</sub> Superconductor Phase Substituted by Lanthanum and Samarium Fluorides

This study investigated the impact of samarium and lanthanum fluorides (SmF<sub>3</sub> and LaF<sub>3</sub>) on the physical and mechanical properties of Tl<sub>0.8</sub>Hg<sub>0.2</sub>Ba<sub>2</sub>Ca<sub>2−<i>x</i></...

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Main Authors: Rola F. Khattar, Mohammed Anas, Ramadan Awad, Khulud Habanjar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2023-10-01
Series:Condensed Matter
Subjects:
(Tl
Hg)-1223 phase
(SmF3 and LaF3) substitution
superconducting properties
Vickers microhardness
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3896/8/4/87
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author Rola F. Khattar
Mohammed Anas
Ramadan Awad
Khulud Habanjar
author_facet Rola F. Khattar
Mohammed Anas
Ramadan Awad
Khulud Habanjar
author_sort Rola F. Khattar
collection DOAJ
description This study investigated the impact of samarium and lanthanum fluorides (SmF<sub>3</sub> and LaF<sub>3</sub>) on the physical and mechanical properties of Tl<sub>0.8</sub>Hg<sub>0.2</sub>Ba<sub>2</sub>Ca<sub>2−<i>x</i></sub>R<i><sub>x</sub></i>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>9−δ−y</sub>F<sub>y</sub> superconducting phases (specifically the (Tl, Hg)-1223 phase), where R = Sm and La, with <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>0.00</mn><mo> </mo><mo>≤</mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mi>x</mi><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo>≤</mo><mo> </mo><mn>0.10</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. The superconducting samples were synthesized using the solid-state reaction method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) verified the formation of the (Tl, Hg)-1223 phase without altering its tetragonal structure. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) reveal the improvement of the grain size and inter-grain connectivity as Sm and La contents increased up to <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>x</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.025</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. The electrical properties of (Tl, Hg)-1223 were studied using <i>I-V</i> and electrical resistivity measurements. Improved superconducting transition temperature (<i>T<sub>c</sub></i>) and transport critical current density (<i>J<sub>c</sub></i>) were observed up to <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>x</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.025</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, beyond which they decreased substantially. Vickers microhardness (<i>H<sub>v</sub></i>) measurements were performed at room temperature to investigate their mechanical performance with various applied loads (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>0.49</mn><mo>–</mo><mn>9.80</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> N) and times (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>10</mn><mo>–</mo><mn>90</mn><mo> </mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>s). For both substitutions, the mechanical properties were enhanced up to an optimal value at <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>x</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.025</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. All samples exhibited normal indentation size effect (ISE) behavior. The proportional sample resistance (PSR) model best explained <i>H<sub>v</sub></i> values among five theoretical models. Dislocation creep was the primary creep mechanism in the samples, according to indentation creep studies.
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spelling doaj.art-3ffb69c78511495ba895b657e0d5df142023-12-22T14:01:26ZengMDPI AGCondensed Matter2410-38962023-10-01848710.3390/condmat8040087Superconducting and Mechanical Properties of the Tl<sub>0.8</sub>Hg<sub>0.2</sub>Ba<sub>2</sub>Ca<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>9−δ</sub> Superconductor Phase Substituted by Lanthanum and Samarium FluoridesRola F. Khattar0Mohammed Anas1Ramadan Awad2Khulud Habanjar3Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut 1107 2809, LebanonDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21568, EgyptDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21568, EgyptDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut 1107 2809, LebanonThis study investigated the impact of samarium and lanthanum fluorides (SmF<sub>3</sub> and LaF<sub>3</sub>) on the physical and mechanical properties of Tl<sub>0.8</sub>Hg<sub>0.2</sub>Ba<sub>2</sub>Ca<sub>2−<i>x</i></sub>R<i><sub>x</sub></i>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>9−δ−y</sub>F<sub>y</sub> superconducting phases (specifically the (Tl, Hg)-1223 phase), where R = Sm and La, with <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>0.00</mn><mo> </mo><mo>≤</mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mi>x</mi><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo>≤</mo><mo> </mo><mn>0.10</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. The superconducting samples were synthesized using the solid-state reaction method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) verified the formation of the (Tl, Hg)-1223 phase without altering its tetragonal structure. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) reveal the improvement of the grain size and inter-grain connectivity as Sm and La contents increased up to <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>x</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.025</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. The electrical properties of (Tl, Hg)-1223 were studied using <i>I-V</i> and electrical resistivity measurements. Improved superconducting transition temperature (<i>T<sub>c</sub></i>) and transport critical current density (<i>J<sub>c</sub></i>) were observed up to <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>x</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.025</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, beyond which they decreased substantially. Vickers microhardness (<i>H<sub>v</sub></i>) measurements were performed at room temperature to investigate their mechanical performance with various applied loads (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>0.49</mn><mo>–</mo><mn>9.80</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> N) and times (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>10</mn><mo>–</mo><mn>90</mn><mo> </mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>s). For both substitutions, the mechanical properties were enhanced up to an optimal value at <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>x</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.025</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. All samples exhibited normal indentation size effect (ISE) behavior. The proportional sample resistance (PSR) model best explained <i>H<sub>v</sub></i> values among five theoretical models. Dislocation creep was the primary creep mechanism in the samples, according to indentation creep studies.https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3896/8/4/87(TlHg)-1223 phase(SmF3 and LaF3) substitutionsuperconducting propertiesVickers microhardness
spellingShingle Rola F. Khattar
Mohammed Anas
Ramadan Awad
Khulud Habanjar
Superconducting and Mechanical Properties of the Tl<sub>0.8</sub>Hg<sub>0.2</sub>Ba<sub>2</sub>Ca<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>9−δ</sub> Superconductor Phase Substituted by Lanthanum and Samarium Fluorides
Condensed Matter
(Tl
Hg)-1223 phase
(SmF3 and LaF3) substitution
superconducting properties
Vickers microhardness
title Superconducting and Mechanical Properties of the Tl<sub>0.8</sub>Hg<sub>0.2</sub>Ba<sub>2</sub>Ca<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>9−δ</sub> Superconductor Phase Substituted by Lanthanum and Samarium Fluorides
title_full Superconducting and Mechanical Properties of the Tl<sub>0.8</sub>Hg<sub>0.2</sub>Ba<sub>2</sub>Ca<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>9−δ</sub> Superconductor Phase Substituted by Lanthanum and Samarium Fluorides
title_fullStr Superconducting and Mechanical Properties of the Tl<sub>0.8</sub>Hg<sub>0.2</sub>Ba<sub>2</sub>Ca<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>9−δ</sub> Superconductor Phase Substituted by Lanthanum and Samarium Fluorides
title_full_unstemmed Superconducting and Mechanical Properties of the Tl<sub>0.8</sub>Hg<sub>0.2</sub>Ba<sub>2</sub>Ca<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>9−δ</sub> Superconductor Phase Substituted by Lanthanum and Samarium Fluorides
title_short Superconducting and Mechanical Properties of the Tl<sub>0.8</sub>Hg<sub>0.2</sub>Ba<sub>2</sub>Ca<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>9−δ</sub> Superconductor Phase Substituted by Lanthanum and Samarium Fluorides
title_sort superconducting and mechanical properties of the tl sub 0 8 sub hg sub 0 2 sub ba sub 2 sub ca sub 2 sub cu sub 3 sub o sub 9 δ sub superconductor phase substituted by lanthanum and samarium fluorides
topic (Tl
Hg)-1223 phase
(SmF3 and LaF3) substitution
superconducting properties
Vickers microhardness
url https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3896/8/4/87
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