Disease Burden, Risk Factors, and Recent Trends of Liver Cancer: A Global Country-Level Analysis
Background: This study aimed to evaluate the updated disease burden, risk factors, and temporal trends of liver cancer based on age, sex, and country. Methods: We estimated the incidence of liver cancer and its attribution to hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in 2018 based on the G...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Karger Publishers
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Liver Cancer |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/515304 |
| _version_ | 1818667247319646208 |
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| author | Junjie Huang Veeleah Lok Chun Ho Ngai Cedric Chu Harsh K. Patel Viveksandeep Thoguluva Chandraseka Lin Zhang Ping Chen Shanjuan Wang Xiang-Qian Lao Lap Ah Tse Wanghong Xu Zhi-Jie Zheng Martin C.S. Wong |
| author_facet | Junjie Huang Veeleah Lok Chun Ho Ngai Cedric Chu Harsh K. Patel Viveksandeep Thoguluva Chandraseka Lin Zhang Ping Chen Shanjuan Wang Xiang-Qian Lao Lap Ah Tse Wanghong Xu Zhi-Jie Zheng Martin C.S. Wong |
| author_sort | Junjie Huang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: This study aimed to evaluate the updated disease burden, risk factors, and temporal trends of liver cancer based on age, sex, and country. Methods: We estimated the incidence of liver cancer and its attribution to hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in 2018 based on the Global Cancer Observatory and World Health Organization (WHO) Cancer Causes database. We extracted the prevalence of risk factors from the WHO Global Health Observatory to examine the associations by weighted linear regression. The trend analysis used data from the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents and the WHO mortality database from 48 countries. Temporal patterns of incidence and mortality were calculated using average annual percent change (AAPC) by joinpoint regression analysis. Results: The global incidence of liver cancer was (age-standardized rate [ASR]) 9.3 per 100,000 population in 2018, and there was an evident disparity in the incidence related to HBV (ASR 0.2–41.2) and HCV (ASR 0.4–43.5). A higher HCV/HBV-related incidence ratio was associated with a higher level of alcohol consumption (β 0.49), overweight (β 0.51), obesity (β 0.64), elevated cholesterol (β 0.70), gross domestic product (β 0.20), and Human Development Index (HDI; β 0.45). An increasing trend in incidence was identified in many countries, especially for male individuals, population aged ≥50 years, and countries with a higher HCV/HBV-related liver cancer incidence ratio. Countries with the most drastic increase in male incidence were reported in India (AAPC 7.70), Ireland (AAPC 5.60), Sweden (AAPC 5.72), the UK (AAPC 5.59), and Norway (AAPC 4.87). Conclusion: We observed an overall increasing trend of liver cancer, especially among male subjects, older individuals, and countries with a higher prevalence of HCV-related liver cancer. More efforts are needed in enhancing lifestyle modifications and accessibility of antiviral treatment for these populations. Future studies should investigate the reasons behind these epidemiological changes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T06:17:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4003d2a4b7c34e5da9d52fb3ebb4520a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2235-1795 1664-5553 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T06:17:23Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | Karger Publishers |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Liver Cancer |
| spelling | doaj.art-4003d2a4b7c34e5da9d52fb3ebb4520a2022-12-21T22:00:28ZengKarger PublishersLiver Cancer2235-17951664-55532021-03-0111610.1159/000515304515304Disease Burden, Risk Factors, and Recent Trends of Liver Cancer: A Global Country-Level AnalysisJunjie Huang0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2382-4443Veeleah Lok1Chun Ho Ngai2Cedric Chu3Harsh K. Patel4Viveksandeep Thoguluva Chandraseka5Lin Zhang6Ping Chen7Shanjuan Wang8Xiang-Qian Lao9Lap Ah Tse10Wanghong Xu11Zhi-Jie Zheng12Martin C.S. Wong13The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaDepartment of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SwedenThe Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaThe Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA, USADepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USACentre of Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Ruijing Hospital North, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Jiading District Hospital, Shanghai, ChinaThe Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaThe Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, ChinaThe Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaBackground: This study aimed to evaluate the updated disease burden, risk factors, and temporal trends of liver cancer based on age, sex, and country. Methods: We estimated the incidence of liver cancer and its attribution to hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in 2018 based on the Global Cancer Observatory and World Health Organization (WHO) Cancer Causes database. We extracted the prevalence of risk factors from the WHO Global Health Observatory to examine the associations by weighted linear regression. The trend analysis used data from the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents and the WHO mortality database from 48 countries. Temporal patterns of incidence and mortality were calculated using average annual percent change (AAPC) by joinpoint regression analysis. Results: The global incidence of liver cancer was (age-standardized rate [ASR]) 9.3 per 100,000 population in 2018, and there was an evident disparity in the incidence related to HBV (ASR 0.2–41.2) and HCV (ASR 0.4–43.5). A higher HCV/HBV-related incidence ratio was associated with a higher level of alcohol consumption (β 0.49), overweight (β 0.51), obesity (β 0.64), elevated cholesterol (β 0.70), gross domestic product (β 0.20), and Human Development Index (HDI; β 0.45). An increasing trend in incidence was identified in many countries, especially for male individuals, population aged ≥50 years, and countries with a higher HCV/HBV-related liver cancer incidence ratio. Countries with the most drastic increase in male incidence were reported in India (AAPC 7.70), Ireland (AAPC 5.60), Sweden (AAPC 5.72), the UK (AAPC 5.59), and Norway (AAPC 4.87). Conclusion: We observed an overall increasing trend of liver cancer, especially among male subjects, older individuals, and countries with a higher prevalence of HCV-related liver cancer. More efforts are needed in enhancing lifestyle modifications and accessibility of antiviral treatment for these populations. Future studies should investigate the reasons behind these epidemiological changes.https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/515304liver cancerepidemiologycausesrisk factorstrend analysis |
| spellingShingle | Junjie Huang Veeleah Lok Chun Ho Ngai Cedric Chu Harsh K. Patel Viveksandeep Thoguluva Chandraseka Lin Zhang Ping Chen Shanjuan Wang Xiang-Qian Lao Lap Ah Tse Wanghong Xu Zhi-Jie Zheng Martin C.S. Wong Disease Burden, Risk Factors, and Recent Trends of Liver Cancer: A Global Country-Level Analysis Liver Cancer liver cancer epidemiology causes risk factors trend analysis |
| title | Disease Burden, Risk Factors, and Recent Trends of Liver Cancer: A Global Country-Level Analysis |
| title_full | Disease Burden, Risk Factors, and Recent Trends of Liver Cancer: A Global Country-Level Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Disease Burden, Risk Factors, and Recent Trends of Liver Cancer: A Global Country-Level Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Disease Burden, Risk Factors, and Recent Trends of Liver Cancer: A Global Country-Level Analysis |
| title_short | Disease Burden, Risk Factors, and Recent Trends of Liver Cancer: A Global Country-Level Analysis |
| title_sort | disease burden risk factors and recent trends of liver cancer a global country level analysis |
| topic | liver cancer epidemiology causes risk factors trend analysis |
| url | https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/515304 |
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