Prediction of the Number of Cumulative Pulses Based on the Photon Statistical Entropy Evaluation in Photon-Counting LiDAR
Photon-counting LiDAR encounters interference from background noise in remote target detection, and the statistical detection of the accumulation of multiple pulses is necessary to eliminate the uncertainty of responses from the Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode (Gm-APD). The cumulative number of sta...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Entropy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/3/522 |
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| author | Mingwei Huang Zijing Zhang Longzhu Cen Jiahuan Li Jiaheng Xie Yuan Zhao |
| author_facet | Mingwei Huang Zijing Zhang Longzhu Cen Jiahuan Li Jiaheng Xie Yuan Zhao |
| author_sort | Mingwei Huang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Photon-counting LiDAR encounters interference from background noise in remote target detection, and the statistical detection of the accumulation of multiple pulses is necessary to eliminate the uncertainty of responses from the Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode (Gm-APD). The cumulative number of statistical detections is difficult to select due to the lack of effective evaluation of the influence of the background noise. In this work, a statistical detection signal evaluation method based on photon statistical entropy (PSE) is proposed by developing the detection process of the Gm-APD as an information transmission model. A prediction model for estimating the number of cumulative pulses required for high-accuracy ranging with the background noise is then established. The simulation analysis shows that the proposed PSE is more sensitive to the noise compared with the signal-to-noise ratio evaluation, and a minimum PSE exists to ensure all the range detections with background noise are close to the true range with a low and stable range error. The experiments demonstrate that the prediction model provides a reliable estimation of the number of required cumulative pulses in various noise conditions. With the estimated number of cumulative pulses, when the signal photons are less than 0.1 per pulse, the range accuracy of 4.1 cm and 5.3 cm are obtained under the background noise of 7.6 MHz and 5.1 MHz, respectively. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:34:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-40133915d6fe4fb59305b23f68d1d7da |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1099-4300 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:34:46Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Entropy |
| spelling | doaj.art-40133915d6fe4fb59305b23f68d1d7da2023-11-17T10:57:23ZengMDPI AGEntropy1099-43002023-03-0125352210.3390/e25030522Prediction of the Number of Cumulative Pulses Based on the Photon Statistical Entropy Evaluation in Photon-Counting LiDARMingwei Huang0Zijing Zhang1Longzhu Cen2Jiahuan Li3Jiaheng Xie4Yuan Zhao5School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, ChinaSchool of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, ChinaSchool of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, ChinaSchool of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, ChinaSchool of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, ChinaSchool of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, ChinaPhoton-counting LiDAR encounters interference from background noise in remote target detection, and the statistical detection of the accumulation of multiple pulses is necessary to eliminate the uncertainty of responses from the Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode (Gm-APD). The cumulative number of statistical detections is difficult to select due to the lack of effective evaluation of the influence of the background noise. In this work, a statistical detection signal evaluation method based on photon statistical entropy (PSE) is proposed by developing the detection process of the Gm-APD as an information transmission model. A prediction model for estimating the number of cumulative pulses required for high-accuracy ranging with the background noise is then established. The simulation analysis shows that the proposed PSE is more sensitive to the noise compared with the signal-to-noise ratio evaluation, and a minimum PSE exists to ensure all the range detections with background noise are close to the true range with a low and stable range error. The experiments demonstrate that the prediction model provides a reliable estimation of the number of required cumulative pulses in various noise conditions. With the estimated number of cumulative pulses, when the signal photons are less than 0.1 per pulse, the range accuracy of 4.1 cm and 5.3 cm are obtained under the background noise of 7.6 MHz and 5.1 MHz, respectively.https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/3/522photon-counting LiDARphoton statistical entropysignal evaluationprediction model |
| spellingShingle | Mingwei Huang Zijing Zhang Longzhu Cen Jiahuan Li Jiaheng Xie Yuan Zhao Prediction of the Number of Cumulative Pulses Based on the Photon Statistical Entropy Evaluation in Photon-Counting LiDAR Entropy photon-counting LiDAR photon statistical entropy signal evaluation prediction model |
| title | Prediction of the Number of Cumulative Pulses Based on the Photon Statistical Entropy Evaluation in Photon-Counting LiDAR |
| title_full | Prediction of the Number of Cumulative Pulses Based on the Photon Statistical Entropy Evaluation in Photon-Counting LiDAR |
| title_fullStr | Prediction of the Number of Cumulative Pulses Based on the Photon Statistical Entropy Evaluation in Photon-Counting LiDAR |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prediction of the Number of Cumulative Pulses Based on the Photon Statistical Entropy Evaluation in Photon-Counting LiDAR |
| title_short | Prediction of the Number of Cumulative Pulses Based on the Photon Statistical Entropy Evaluation in Photon-Counting LiDAR |
| title_sort | prediction of the number of cumulative pulses based on the photon statistical entropy evaluation in photon counting lidar |
| topic | photon-counting LiDAR photon statistical entropy signal evaluation prediction model |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/3/522 |
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