Decline in Etesian winds after large volcanic eruptions in the last millennium
<p>The northerly Etesian winds are a stable summertime circulation system in the eastern Mediterranean, emerging from a steep pressure gradient between the central Europe and Balkans high-pressure and the Anatolian low-pressure systems. Etesian winds are influenced by the variability in the In...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Weather and Climate Dynamics |
| Online Access: | https://wcd.copernicus.org/articles/3/811/2022/wcd-3-811-2022.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818163446419554304 |
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| author | S. Misios S. Misios I. Logothetis M. F. Knudsen M. F. Knudsen C. Karoff C. Karoff V. Amiridis K. Tourpali |
| author_facet | S. Misios S. Misios I. Logothetis M. F. Knudsen M. F. Knudsen C. Karoff C. Karoff V. Amiridis K. Tourpali |
| author_sort | S. Misios |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>The northerly Etesian winds are a stable summertime circulation system in
the eastern Mediterranean, emerging from a steep pressure gradient between
the central Europe and Balkans high-pressure and the Anatolian low-pressure
systems. Etesian winds are influenced by the variability in the Indian
summer monsoon (ISM), but their sensitivity to external forcing on
interannual and longer timescales is not well understood. Here, for the
first time, we investigate the sensitivity of Etesian winds to large
volcanic eruptions in a set of model simulations over the last millennium
and reanalysis of the 20th century. We provide model evidence for
significant volcanic signatures, manifested as a robust reduction in the
wind speed and the total number of days with Etesian winds in July and
August. These are robust responses to all strong eruptions in the last
millennium, and in the extreme case of Samalas, the ensemble-mean response
suggests a post-eruption summer without Etesians. The significant decline in
the number of days with Etesian winds is attributed to the weakening of the
ISM in the post-eruption summers, which is associated with a reduced
large-scale subsidence and weakened surface pressure gradients in the
eastern Mediterranean. Our analysis identifies a stronger sensitivity of
Etesian winds to the Northern Hemisphere volcanic forcing, particularly for
volcanoes before the 20th century, while for the latest large eruption
of Pinatubo modelled and observed responses are insignificant. These
findings could improve seasonal predictions of the wind circulation in the
eastern Mediterranean in the summers after large volcanic eruptions.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T16:49:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-401c576a8803480883d438ac7bdc585d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2698-4016 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T16:49:41Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Weather and Climate Dynamics |
| spelling | doaj.art-401c576a8803480883d438ac7bdc585d2022-12-22T00:58:08ZengCopernicus PublicationsWeather and Climate Dynamics2698-40162022-07-01381182310.5194/wcd-3-811-2022Decline in Etesian winds after large volcanic eruptions in the last millenniumS. Misios0S. Misios1I. Logothetis2M. F. Knudsen3M. F. Knudsen4C. Karoff5C. Karoff6V. Amiridis7K. Tourpali8Institute for Astronomy, Astrophysics, Space Applications, and Remote Sensing, National Observatory of Athens, Athens, GreeceDepartment of Geoscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkLaboratory of Atmospheric Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GreeceDepartment of Geoscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkiCLIMATE Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkDepartment of Geoscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkiCLIMATE Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkInstitute for Astronomy, Astrophysics, Space Applications, and Remote Sensing, National Observatory of Athens, Athens, GreeceLaboratory of Atmospheric Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece<p>The northerly Etesian winds are a stable summertime circulation system in the eastern Mediterranean, emerging from a steep pressure gradient between the central Europe and Balkans high-pressure and the Anatolian low-pressure systems. Etesian winds are influenced by the variability in the Indian summer monsoon (ISM), but their sensitivity to external forcing on interannual and longer timescales is not well understood. Here, for the first time, we investigate the sensitivity of Etesian winds to large volcanic eruptions in a set of model simulations over the last millennium and reanalysis of the 20th century. We provide model evidence for significant volcanic signatures, manifested as a robust reduction in the wind speed and the total number of days with Etesian winds in July and August. These are robust responses to all strong eruptions in the last millennium, and in the extreme case of Samalas, the ensemble-mean response suggests a post-eruption summer without Etesians. The significant decline in the number of days with Etesian winds is attributed to the weakening of the ISM in the post-eruption summers, which is associated with a reduced large-scale subsidence and weakened surface pressure gradients in the eastern Mediterranean. Our analysis identifies a stronger sensitivity of Etesian winds to the Northern Hemisphere volcanic forcing, particularly for volcanoes before the 20th century, while for the latest large eruption of Pinatubo modelled and observed responses are insignificant. These findings could improve seasonal predictions of the wind circulation in the eastern Mediterranean in the summers after large volcanic eruptions.</p>https://wcd.copernicus.org/articles/3/811/2022/wcd-3-811-2022.pdf |
| spellingShingle | S. Misios S. Misios I. Logothetis M. F. Knudsen M. F. Knudsen C. Karoff C. Karoff V. Amiridis K. Tourpali Decline in Etesian winds after large volcanic eruptions in the last millennium Weather and Climate Dynamics |
| title | Decline in Etesian winds after large volcanic eruptions in the last millennium |
| title_full | Decline in Etesian winds after large volcanic eruptions in the last millennium |
| title_fullStr | Decline in Etesian winds after large volcanic eruptions in the last millennium |
| title_full_unstemmed | Decline in Etesian winds after large volcanic eruptions in the last millennium |
| title_short | Decline in Etesian winds after large volcanic eruptions in the last millennium |
| title_sort | decline in etesian winds after large volcanic eruptions in the last millennium |
| url | https://wcd.copernicus.org/articles/3/811/2022/wcd-3-811-2022.pdf |
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