Synthesis and Characterization of Manganese-Modified Black TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles and Their Performance Evaluation for the Photodegradation of Phenolic Compounds from Wastewater
The release of phenolic-contaminated treated palm oil mill effluent (TPOME) poses a severe threat to human and environmental health. In this work, manganese-modified black TiO<sub>2</sub> (Mn-B-TiO<sub>2</sub>) was produced for the photodegradation of high concentrations of t...
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| author | Muhammad Irfan Rab Nawaz Javed Akbar Khan Habib Ullah Tahir Haneef Stanislaw Legutko Saifur Rahman Jerzy Józwik Mabkhoot A. Alsaiari Mohammad Kamal Asif Khan Salim Nasar Faraj Mursal Fahad Salem AlKahtani Omar Alshorman Abdulnour Ali Jazem Ghanim |
| author_facet | Muhammad Irfan Rab Nawaz Javed Akbar Khan Habib Ullah Tahir Haneef Stanislaw Legutko Saifur Rahman Jerzy Józwik Mabkhoot A. Alsaiari Mohammad Kamal Asif Khan Salim Nasar Faraj Mursal Fahad Salem AlKahtani Omar Alshorman Abdulnour Ali Jazem Ghanim |
| author_sort | Muhammad Irfan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The release of phenolic-contaminated treated palm oil mill effluent (TPOME) poses a severe threat to human and environmental health. In this work, manganese-modified black TiO<sub>2</sub> (Mn-B-TiO<sub>2</sub>) was produced for the photodegradation of high concentrations of total phenolic compounds from TPOME. A modified glycerol-assisted technique was used to synthesize visible-light-sensitive black TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles (NPs), which were then calcined at 300 °C for 60 min for conversion to anatase crystalline phase. The black TiO<sub>2</sub> was further modified with manganese by utilizing a wet impregnation technique. Visible light absorption, charge carrier separation, and electron–hole pair recombination suppression were all improved when the band structure of TiO<sub>2</sub> was tuned by producing Ti<sup>3+</sup> defect states. As a result of the enhanced optical and electrical characteristics of black TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs, phenolic compounds were removed from TPOME at a rate of 48.17%, which is 2.6 times higher than P25 (18%). When Mn was added to black TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs, the Ti ion in the TiO<sub>2</sub> lattice was replaced by Mn, causing a large redshift of the optical absorption edges and enhanced photodegradation of phenolic compounds from TPOME. The photodegradation efficiency of phenolic compounds by Mn-B-TiO<sub>2</sub> improved to 60.12% from 48.17% at 0.3 wt% Mn doping concentration. The removal efficiency of phenolic compounds from TPOME diminished when Mn doping exceeded the optimum threshold (0.3 wt%). According to the findings, Mn-modified black TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs are the most effective, as they combine the advantages of both black TiO<sub>2</sub> and Mn doping. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:49:11Z |
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| id | doaj.art-401e1b7b466645f8af016a88b8c7b542 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | doaj.art-401e1b7b466645f8af016a88b8c7b5422023-11-23T02:43:17ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442021-12-011423742210.3390/ma14237422Synthesis and Characterization of Manganese-Modified Black TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles and Their Performance Evaluation for the Photodegradation of Phenolic Compounds from WastewaterMuhammad Irfan0Rab Nawaz1Javed Akbar Khan2Habib Ullah3Tahir Haneef4Stanislaw Legutko5Saifur Rahman6Jerzy Józwik7Mabkhoot A. Alsaiari8Mohammad Kamal Asif Khan9Salim Nasar Faraj Mursal10Fahad Salem AlKahtani11Omar Alshorman12Abdulnour Ali Jazem Ghanim13Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University Saudi Arabia, Najran 61441, Saudi ArabiaFundamental and Applied Sciences (FASD), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, MalaysiaMechanical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, MalaysiaFundamental and Applied Sciences (FASD), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, MalaysiaDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, MalaysiaInstitute of Mechanical Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, PolandElectrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University Saudi Arabia, Najran 61441, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Production Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, 36 Nadbystrzycka Street, 20-618 Lublin, PolandEmpty Quarter Research Unit, Chemistry Department, College of Science and Art at Sharurah, Najran University Saudi Arabia, Najran 61441, Saudi ArabiaMechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University Saudi Arabia, Najran 61441, Saudi ArabiaElectrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University Saudi Arabia, Najran 61441, Saudi ArabiaElectrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University Saudi Arabia, Najran 61441, Saudi ArabiaElectrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University Saudi Arabia, Najran 61441, Saudi ArabiaCivil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University Saudi Arabia, Najran 61441, Saudi ArabiaThe release of phenolic-contaminated treated palm oil mill effluent (TPOME) poses a severe threat to human and environmental health. In this work, manganese-modified black TiO<sub>2</sub> (Mn-B-TiO<sub>2</sub>) was produced for the photodegradation of high concentrations of total phenolic compounds from TPOME. A modified glycerol-assisted technique was used to synthesize visible-light-sensitive black TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles (NPs), which were then calcined at 300 °C for 60 min for conversion to anatase crystalline phase. The black TiO<sub>2</sub> was further modified with manganese by utilizing a wet impregnation technique. Visible light absorption, charge carrier separation, and electron–hole pair recombination suppression were all improved when the band structure of TiO<sub>2</sub> was tuned by producing Ti<sup>3+</sup> defect states. As a result of the enhanced optical and electrical characteristics of black TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs, phenolic compounds were removed from TPOME at a rate of 48.17%, which is 2.6 times higher than P25 (18%). When Mn was added to black TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs, the Ti ion in the TiO<sub>2</sub> lattice was replaced by Mn, causing a large redshift of the optical absorption edges and enhanced photodegradation of phenolic compounds from TPOME. The photodegradation efficiency of phenolic compounds by Mn-B-TiO<sub>2</sub> improved to 60.12% from 48.17% at 0.3 wt% Mn doping concentration. The removal efficiency of phenolic compounds from TPOME diminished when Mn doping exceeded the optimum threshold (0.3 wt%). According to the findings, Mn-modified black TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs are the most effective, as they combine the advantages of both black TiO<sub>2</sub> and Mn doping.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/23/7422black TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticlesmanganese dopingvisible light absorptionbandgapphenolic compoundsphotodegradation |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Irfan Rab Nawaz Javed Akbar Khan Habib Ullah Tahir Haneef Stanislaw Legutko Saifur Rahman Jerzy Józwik Mabkhoot A. Alsaiari Mohammad Kamal Asif Khan Salim Nasar Faraj Mursal Fahad Salem AlKahtani Omar Alshorman Abdulnour Ali Jazem Ghanim Synthesis and Characterization of Manganese-Modified Black TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles and Their Performance Evaluation for the Photodegradation of Phenolic Compounds from Wastewater Materials black TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles manganese doping visible light absorption bandgap phenolic compounds photodegradation |
| title | Synthesis and Characterization of Manganese-Modified Black TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles and Their Performance Evaluation for the Photodegradation of Phenolic Compounds from Wastewater |
| title_full | Synthesis and Characterization of Manganese-Modified Black TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles and Their Performance Evaluation for the Photodegradation of Phenolic Compounds from Wastewater |
| title_fullStr | Synthesis and Characterization of Manganese-Modified Black TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles and Their Performance Evaluation for the Photodegradation of Phenolic Compounds from Wastewater |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synthesis and Characterization of Manganese-Modified Black TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles and Their Performance Evaluation for the Photodegradation of Phenolic Compounds from Wastewater |
| title_short | Synthesis and Characterization of Manganese-Modified Black TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles and Their Performance Evaluation for the Photodegradation of Phenolic Compounds from Wastewater |
| title_sort | synthesis and characterization of manganese modified black tio sub 2 sub nanoparticles and their performance evaluation for the photodegradation of phenolic compounds from wastewater |
| topic | black TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles manganese doping visible light absorption bandgap phenolic compounds photodegradation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/23/7422 |
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