Exploring Blueberry Aroma Complexity by Chromatographic and Direct-Injection Spectrometric Techniques
Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) fruit consumption has increased over the last 5 years, becoming the second most important soft fruit species after strawberry. Despite the possible economic and sensory impact, the blueberry volatile organic compound (VOC) composition has been poorly investigated. Thus, th...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2017-04-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2017.00617/full |
| _version_ | 1811241451582914560 |
|---|---|
| author | Brian Farneti Iuliia Khomenko Iuliia Khomenko Marcella Grisenti Matteo Ajelli Emanuela Betta Alberto Alarcon Algarra Luca Cappellin Eugenio Aprea Flavia Gasperi Franco Biasioli Lara Giongo |
| author_facet | Brian Farneti Iuliia Khomenko Iuliia Khomenko Marcella Grisenti Matteo Ajelli Emanuela Betta Alberto Alarcon Algarra Luca Cappellin Eugenio Aprea Flavia Gasperi Franco Biasioli Lara Giongo |
| author_sort | Brian Farneti |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) fruit consumption has increased over the last 5 years, becoming the second most important soft fruit species after strawberry. Despite the possible economic and sensory impact, the blueberry volatile organic compound (VOC) composition has been poorly investigated. Thus, the great impact of the aroma on fruit marketability stimulates the need to step forward in the understanding of this quality trait. Beside the strong effect of ripening, blueberry aroma profile also varies due to the broad genetic differences among Vaccinium species that have been differently introgressed in modern commercial cultivars through breeding activity. In the present study, divided into two different activities, the complexity of blueberry aroma was explored by an exhaustive untargeted VOC analysis, performed by two complementary methods: SPME-GC-MS (solid phase microextraction- gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) and PTR-ToF-MS (proton transfer reaction-time of flight-mass spectrometry). The first experiment was aimed at determining the VOC modifications during blueberry ripening for five commercially representative cultivars (“Biloxi,” “Brigitta Blue,” “Centurion,” “Chandler,” and “Ozark Blue”) harvested at four ripening stages (green, pink, ripe, and over-ripe) to outline VOCs dynamic during fruit development. The objective of the second experiment was to confirm the analytical capability of PTR-ToF-MS to profile blueberry genotypes and to identify the most characterizing VOCs. In this case, 11 accessions belonging to different Vaccinium species were employed: V. corymbosum L. (“Brigitta,” “Chandler,” “Liberty,” and “Ozark Blue”), V. virgatum Aiton (“Centurion,” “Powder Blue,” and “Sky Blue”), V. myrtillus L. (three wild genotypes of different mountain locations), and one accession of V. cylindraceum Smith. This comprehensive characterization of blueberry aroma allowed the identification of a wide pull of VOCs, for the most aldehydes, alcohols, terpenoids, and esters that can be used as putative biomarkers to rapidly evaluate the blueberry aroma variations related to ripening and/or senescence as well as to genetic background differences. Moreover, the obtained results demonstrated the complementarity between chromatographic and direct-injection mass spectrometric techniques to study the blueberry aroma. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T13:36:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4022a4cbc1844532a6d74702a1ed025f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T13:36:23Z |
| publishDate | 2017-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-4022a4cbc1844532a6d74702a1ed025f2022-12-22T03:31:00ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2017-04-01810.3389/fpls.2017.00617264825Exploring Blueberry Aroma Complexity by Chromatographic and Direct-Injection Spectrometric TechniquesBrian Farneti0Iuliia Khomenko1Iuliia Khomenko2Marcella Grisenti3Matteo Ajelli4Emanuela Betta5Alberto Alarcon Algarra6Luca Cappellin7Eugenio Aprea8Flavia Gasperi9Franco Biasioli10Lara Giongo11Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crop Department, Fondazione Edmund MachTrento, ItalyFood Quality and Nutrition Department, Fondazione Edmund MachTrento, ItalyInstitut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Leopold-Franzens Universitat InnsbruckInnsbruck, AustriaGenomics and Biology of Fruit Crop Department, Fondazione Edmund MachTrento, ItalyGenomics and Biology of Fruit Crop Department, Fondazione Edmund MachTrento, ItalyFood Quality and Nutrition Department, Fondazione Edmund MachTrento, ItalyFood Quality and Nutrition Department, Fondazione Edmund MachTrento, ItalyFood Quality and Nutrition Department, Fondazione Edmund MachTrento, ItalyFood Quality and Nutrition Department, Fondazione Edmund MachTrento, ItalyFood Quality and Nutrition Department, Fondazione Edmund MachTrento, ItalyFood Quality and Nutrition Department, Fondazione Edmund MachTrento, ItalyGenomics and Biology of Fruit Crop Department, Fondazione Edmund MachTrento, ItalyBlueberry (Vaccinium spp.) fruit consumption has increased over the last 5 years, becoming the second most important soft fruit species after strawberry. Despite the possible economic and sensory impact, the blueberry volatile organic compound (VOC) composition has been poorly investigated. Thus, the great impact of the aroma on fruit marketability stimulates the need to step forward in the understanding of this quality trait. Beside the strong effect of ripening, blueberry aroma profile also varies due to the broad genetic differences among Vaccinium species that have been differently introgressed in modern commercial cultivars through breeding activity. In the present study, divided into two different activities, the complexity of blueberry aroma was explored by an exhaustive untargeted VOC analysis, performed by two complementary methods: SPME-GC-MS (solid phase microextraction- gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) and PTR-ToF-MS (proton transfer reaction-time of flight-mass spectrometry). The first experiment was aimed at determining the VOC modifications during blueberry ripening for five commercially representative cultivars (“Biloxi,” “Brigitta Blue,” “Centurion,” “Chandler,” and “Ozark Blue”) harvested at four ripening stages (green, pink, ripe, and over-ripe) to outline VOCs dynamic during fruit development. The objective of the second experiment was to confirm the analytical capability of PTR-ToF-MS to profile blueberry genotypes and to identify the most characterizing VOCs. In this case, 11 accessions belonging to different Vaccinium species were employed: V. corymbosum L. (“Brigitta,” “Chandler,” “Liberty,” and “Ozark Blue”), V. virgatum Aiton (“Centurion,” “Powder Blue,” and “Sky Blue”), V. myrtillus L. (three wild genotypes of different mountain locations), and one accession of V. cylindraceum Smith. This comprehensive characterization of blueberry aroma allowed the identification of a wide pull of VOCs, for the most aldehydes, alcohols, terpenoids, and esters that can be used as putative biomarkers to rapidly evaluate the blueberry aroma variations related to ripening and/or senescence as well as to genetic background differences. Moreover, the obtained results demonstrated the complementarity between chromatographic and direct-injection mass spectrometric techniques to study the blueberry aroma.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2017.00617/fullVaccinium spp.PTR-ToF-MSSPME-GC-MSVOCsflavorripening |
| spellingShingle | Brian Farneti Iuliia Khomenko Iuliia Khomenko Marcella Grisenti Matteo Ajelli Emanuela Betta Alberto Alarcon Algarra Luca Cappellin Eugenio Aprea Flavia Gasperi Franco Biasioli Lara Giongo Exploring Blueberry Aroma Complexity by Chromatographic and Direct-Injection Spectrometric Techniques Frontiers in Plant Science Vaccinium spp. PTR-ToF-MS SPME-GC-MS VOCs flavor ripening |
| title | Exploring Blueberry Aroma Complexity by Chromatographic and Direct-Injection Spectrometric Techniques |
| title_full | Exploring Blueberry Aroma Complexity by Chromatographic and Direct-Injection Spectrometric Techniques |
| title_fullStr | Exploring Blueberry Aroma Complexity by Chromatographic and Direct-Injection Spectrometric Techniques |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring Blueberry Aroma Complexity by Chromatographic and Direct-Injection Spectrometric Techniques |
| title_short | Exploring Blueberry Aroma Complexity by Chromatographic and Direct-Injection Spectrometric Techniques |
| title_sort | exploring blueberry aroma complexity by chromatographic and direct injection spectrometric techniques |
| topic | Vaccinium spp. PTR-ToF-MS SPME-GC-MS VOCs flavor ripening |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2017.00617/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT brianfarneti exploringblueberryaromacomplexitybychromatographicanddirectinjectionspectrometrictechniques AT iuliiakhomenko exploringblueberryaromacomplexitybychromatographicanddirectinjectionspectrometrictechniques AT iuliiakhomenko exploringblueberryaromacomplexitybychromatographicanddirectinjectionspectrometrictechniques AT marcellagrisenti exploringblueberryaromacomplexitybychromatographicanddirectinjectionspectrometrictechniques AT matteoajelli exploringblueberryaromacomplexitybychromatographicanddirectinjectionspectrometrictechniques AT emanuelabetta exploringblueberryaromacomplexitybychromatographicanddirectinjectionspectrometrictechniques AT albertoalarconalgarra exploringblueberryaromacomplexitybychromatographicanddirectinjectionspectrometrictechniques AT lucacappellin exploringblueberryaromacomplexitybychromatographicanddirectinjectionspectrometrictechniques AT eugenioaprea exploringblueberryaromacomplexitybychromatographicanddirectinjectionspectrometrictechniques AT flaviagasperi exploringblueberryaromacomplexitybychromatographicanddirectinjectionspectrometrictechniques AT francobiasioli exploringblueberryaromacomplexitybychromatographicanddirectinjectionspectrometrictechniques AT laragiongo exploringblueberryaromacomplexitybychromatographicanddirectinjectionspectrometrictechniques |