Insights into the historical assembly of global dryland floras: the diversification of Zygophyllaceae
Abstract Background Drylands cover nearly 41% of Earth’s land surface and face a high risk of degradation worldwide. However, the actual timeframe during which dryland floras rose on a global scale remains unknown. Zygophyllaceae, an important characteristic component of dryland floras worldwide, of...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2018-11-01
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| Series: | BMC Evolutionary Biology |
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| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12862-018-1277-z |
| _version_ | 1818574950285443072 |
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| author | Sheng-Dan Wu Lin-Jing Zhang Li Lin Sheng-Xiang Yu Zhi-Duan Chen Wei Wang |
| author_facet | Sheng-Dan Wu Lin-Jing Zhang Li Lin Sheng-Xiang Yu Zhi-Duan Chen Wei Wang |
| author_sort | Sheng-Dan Wu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Drylands cover nearly 41% of Earth’s land surface and face a high risk of degradation worldwide. However, the actual timeframe during which dryland floras rose on a global scale remains unknown. Zygophyllaceae, an important characteristic component of dryland floras worldwide, offers an ideal model group to investigate the diversification of dryland floras. Here, we used an integration of the phylogenetic, molecular dating, biogeographic, and diversification methods to investigate the timing and patterns of lineage accumulation for Zygophyllaceae overall and regionally. We then incorporated the data from other dominant components of dryland floras in different continents to investigate the historical construction of dryland floras on a global scale. Results We provide the most comprehensive phylogenetic tree for Zygophyllaceae so far based on four plastid and nuclear markers. Detailed analyses indicate that Zygophyllaceae colonized Africa, Asia, Australia, and the New World at different periods, sometimes multiple times, but Zygophyllaceae lineages in the four regions all experienced a rapid accumulation beginning at the mid-late Miocene (~ 15–10 Ma). Other eleven essential elements of dryland floras become differentiated at the same time. Conclusions Our results suggest that the rise of global dryland floras is near-synchronous and began at the mid-late Miocene, possibly resulting from the mid-Miocene global cooling and regional orogenetic and climate changes. The mid-late Miocene is an essential period for the assembly and evolution of global dryland floras. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-15T00:33:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-402bf5b0db014401bdaa7cb3943f9fd5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2148 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-15T00:33:29Z |
| publishDate | 2018-11-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Evolutionary Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-402bf5b0db014401bdaa7cb3943f9fd52022-12-21T22:41:54ZengBMCBMC Evolutionary Biology1471-21482018-11-0118111010.1186/s12862-018-1277-zInsights into the historical assembly of global dryland floras: the diversification of ZygophyllaceaeSheng-Dan Wu0Lin-Jing Zhang1Li Lin2Sheng-Xiang Yu3Zhi-Duan Chen4Wei Wang5State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesCollege of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal UniversityState Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesState Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesState Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesState Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesAbstract Background Drylands cover nearly 41% of Earth’s land surface and face a high risk of degradation worldwide. However, the actual timeframe during which dryland floras rose on a global scale remains unknown. Zygophyllaceae, an important characteristic component of dryland floras worldwide, offers an ideal model group to investigate the diversification of dryland floras. Here, we used an integration of the phylogenetic, molecular dating, biogeographic, and diversification methods to investigate the timing and patterns of lineage accumulation for Zygophyllaceae overall and regionally. We then incorporated the data from other dominant components of dryland floras in different continents to investigate the historical construction of dryland floras on a global scale. Results We provide the most comprehensive phylogenetic tree for Zygophyllaceae so far based on four plastid and nuclear markers. Detailed analyses indicate that Zygophyllaceae colonized Africa, Asia, Australia, and the New World at different periods, sometimes multiple times, but Zygophyllaceae lineages in the four regions all experienced a rapid accumulation beginning at the mid-late Miocene (~ 15–10 Ma). Other eleven essential elements of dryland floras become differentiated at the same time. Conclusions Our results suggest that the rise of global dryland floras is near-synchronous and began at the mid-late Miocene, possibly resulting from the mid-Miocene global cooling and regional orogenetic and climate changes. The mid-late Miocene is an essential period for the assembly and evolution of global dryland floras.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12862-018-1277-zDrylandsClimate changeDivergence timeDiversification rateMiocenePhylogeny |
| spellingShingle | Sheng-Dan Wu Lin-Jing Zhang Li Lin Sheng-Xiang Yu Zhi-Duan Chen Wei Wang Insights into the historical assembly of global dryland floras: the diversification of Zygophyllaceae BMC Evolutionary Biology Drylands Climate change Divergence time Diversification rate Miocene Phylogeny |
| title | Insights into the historical assembly of global dryland floras: the diversification of Zygophyllaceae |
| title_full | Insights into the historical assembly of global dryland floras: the diversification of Zygophyllaceae |
| title_fullStr | Insights into the historical assembly of global dryland floras: the diversification of Zygophyllaceae |
| title_full_unstemmed | Insights into the historical assembly of global dryland floras: the diversification of Zygophyllaceae |
| title_short | Insights into the historical assembly of global dryland floras: the diversification of Zygophyllaceae |
| title_sort | insights into the historical assembly of global dryland floras the diversification of zygophyllaceae |
| topic | Drylands Climate change Divergence time Diversification rate Miocene Phylogeny |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12862-018-1277-z |
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