The mitochondrial genomes of <it>Ancylostoma caninum </it>and <it>Bunostomum phlebotomum </it>– two hookworms of animal health and zoonotic importance
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Hookworms are blood-feeding nematodes that parasitize the small intestines of many mammals, including humans and cattle. These nematodes are of major socioeconomic importance and cause disease, mainly as a consequence of anaemia (par...
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| Format: | Article |
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BMC
2009-02-01
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| Series: | BMC Genomics |
| Online Access: | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/10/79 |
| _version_ | 1818275852590252032 |
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| author | Littlewood D Timothy J Beveridge Ian van Wyk Jan A Hu Min Waeschenbach Andrea Jex Aaron R Gasser Robin B |
| author_facet | Littlewood D Timothy J Beveridge Ian van Wyk Jan A Hu Min Waeschenbach Andrea Jex Aaron R Gasser Robin B |
| author_sort | Littlewood D Timothy J |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Hookworms are blood-feeding nematodes that parasitize the small intestines of many mammals, including humans and cattle. These nematodes are of major socioeconomic importance and cause disease, mainly as a consequence of anaemia (particularly in children or young animals), resulting in impaired development and sometimes deaths. Studying genetic variability within and among hookworm populations is central to addressing epidemiological and ecological questions, thus assisting in the control of hookworm disease. Mitochondrial (mt) genes are known to provide useful population markers for hookworms, but mt genome sequence data are scant.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The present study characterizes the complete mt genomes of two species of hookworm, <it>Ancylostoma caninum </it>(from dogs) and <it>Bunostomum phlebotomum </it>(from cattle), each sequenced (by 454 technology or primer-walking), following long-PCR amplification from genomic DNA (~20–40 ng) isolated from individual adult worms. These mt genomes were 13717 bp and 13790 bp in size, respectively, and each contained 12 protein coding, 22 transfer RNA and 2 ribosomal RNA genes, typical for other secernentean nematodes. In addition, phylogenetic analysis (by Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood) of concatenated mt protein sequence data sets for 12 nematodes (including <it>Ancylostoma caninum </it>and <it>Bunostomum phlebotomum</it>), representing the Ascaridida, Spirurida and Strongylida, was conducted. The analysis yielded maximum statistical support for the formation of monophyletic clades for each recognized nematode order assessed, except for the Rhabditida.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The mt genomes characterized herein represent a rich source of population genetic markers for epidemiological and ecological studies. The strong statistical support for the construction of phylogenetic clades and consistency between the two different tree-building methods employed indicate the value of using whole mt genome data sets for systematic studies of nematodes. The grouping of the Spirurida and Ascaridida to the exclusion of the Strongylida was not supported in the present analysis, a finding which conflicts with the current evolutionary hypothesis for the Nematoda based on nuclear ribosomal gene data.</p> |
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| issn | 1471-2164 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | doaj.art-40307f2ff3f441068679dd16b09ffec72022-12-22T00:09:27ZengBMCBMC Genomics1471-21642009-02-011017910.1186/1471-2164-10-79The mitochondrial genomes of <it>Ancylostoma caninum </it>and <it>Bunostomum phlebotomum </it>– two hookworms of animal health and zoonotic importanceLittlewood D Timothy JBeveridge Ianvan Wyk Jan AHu MinWaeschenbach AndreaJex Aaron RGasser Robin B<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Hookworms are blood-feeding nematodes that parasitize the small intestines of many mammals, including humans and cattle. These nematodes are of major socioeconomic importance and cause disease, mainly as a consequence of anaemia (particularly in children or young animals), resulting in impaired development and sometimes deaths. Studying genetic variability within and among hookworm populations is central to addressing epidemiological and ecological questions, thus assisting in the control of hookworm disease. Mitochondrial (mt) genes are known to provide useful population markers for hookworms, but mt genome sequence data are scant.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The present study characterizes the complete mt genomes of two species of hookworm, <it>Ancylostoma caninum </it>(from dogs) and <it>Bunostomum phlebotomum </it>(from cattle), each sequenced (by 454 technology or primer-walking), following long-PCR amplification from genomic DNA (~20–40 ng) isolated from individual adult worms. These mt genomes were 13717 bp and 13790 bp in size, respectively, and each contained 12 protein coding, 22 transfer RNA and 2 ribosomal RNA genes, typical for other secernentean nematodes. In addition, phylogenetic analysis (by Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood) of concatenated mt protein sequence data sets for 12 nematodes (including <it>Ancylostoma caninum </it>and <it>Bunostomum phlebotomum</it>), representing the Ascaridida, Spirurida and Strongylida, was conducted. The analysis yielded maximum statistical support for the formation of monophyletic clades for each recognized nematode order assessed, except for the Rhabditida.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The mt genomes characterized herein represent a rich source of population genetic markers for epidemiological and ecological studies. The strong statistical support for the construction of phylogenetic clades and consistency between the two different tree-building methods employed indicate the value of using whole mt genome data sets for systematic studies of nematodes. The grouping of the Spirurida and Ascaridida to the exclusion of the Strongylida was not supported in the present analysis, a finding which conflicts with the current evolutionary hypothesis for the Nematoda based on nuclear ribosomal gene data.</p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/10/79 |
| spellingShingle | Littlewood D Timothy J Beveridge Ian van Wyk Jan A Hu Min Waeschenbach Andrea Jex Aaron R Gasser Robin B The mitochondrial genomes of <it>Ancylostoma caninum </it>and <it>Bunostomum phlebotomum </it>– two hookworms of animal health and zoonotic importance BMC Genomics |
| title | The mitochondrial genomes of <it>Ancylostoma caninum </it>and <it>Bunostomum phlebotomum </it>– two hookworms of animal health and zoonotic importance |
| title_full | The mitochondrial genomes of <it>Ancylostoma caninum </it>and <it>Bunostomum phlebotomum </it>– two hookworms of animal health and zoonotic importance |
| title_fullStr | The mitochondrial genomes of <it>Ancylostoma caninum </it>and <it>Bunostomum phlebotomum </it>– two hookworms of animal health and zoonotic importance |
| title_full_unstemmed | The mitochondrial genomes of <it>Ancylostoma caninum </it>and <it>Bunostomum phlebotomum </it>– two hookworms of animal health and zoonotic importance |
| title_short | The mitochondrial genomes of <it>Ancylostoma caninum </it>and <it>Bunostomum phlebotomum </it>– two hookworms of animal health and zoonotic importance |
| title_sort | mitochondrial genomes of it ancylostoma caninum it and it bunostomum phlebotomum it two hookworms of animal health and zoonotic importance |
| url | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/10/79 |
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