Bio-Based Poly(butylene succinate)/Microcrystalline Cellulose/Nanofibrillated Cellulose-Based Sustainable Polymer Composites: Thermo-Mechanical and Biodegradation Studies
Biodegradable polymer composites from renewable resources are the next-generation of wood-like materials and are crucial for the development of various industries to meet sustainability goals. Functional applications like packaging, medicine, automotive, construction and sustainable housing are just...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-06-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/7/1472 |
| _version_ | 1797563633968873472 |
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| author | Oskars Platnieks Sergejs Gaidukovs Anda Barkane Aleksandrs Sereda Gerda Gaidukova Liga Grase Vijay Kumar Thakur Inese Filipova Velta Fridrihsone Marite Skute Marianna Laka |
| author_facet | Oskars Platnieks Sergejs Gaidukovs Anda Barkane Aleksandrs Sereda Gerda Gaidukova Liga Grase Vijay Kumar Thakur Inese Filipova Velta Fridrihsone Marite Skute Marianna Laka |
| author_sort | Oskars Platnieks |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Biodegradable polymer composites from renewable resources are the next-generation of wood-like materials and are crucial for the development of various industries to meet sustainability goals. Functional applications like packaging, medicine, automotive, construction and sustainable housing are just some that would greatly benefit. Some of the existing industries, like wood plastic composites, already encompass given examples but are dominated by fossil-based polymers that are unsustainable. Thus, there is a background to bring a new perspective approach for the combination of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) fillers in bio-based poly (butylene succinate) matrix (PBS). MCC, NFC and MCC/NFC filler total loading at 40 wt % was used to obtain more insights for wood-like composite applications. The ability to tailor the biodegradable characteristics and the mechanical properties of PBS composites is indispensable for extended applications. Five compositions have been prepared with MCC and NFC fillers using melt blending approach. Young’s modulus in tensile test mode and storage modulus at 20 °C in thermo-mechanical analysis have increased about two-fold. Thermal degradation temperature was increased by approximately 60 °C compared to MCC and NFC. Additionally, to estimate the compatibility of the components and morphology of the composite’s SEM analysis was performed for fractured surfaces. The contact angle measurements testified the developed matrix interphase. Differential scanning calorimetry evidenced the trans-crystallization of the polymer after filler incorporation; the crystallization temperature shifted to the higher temperature region. The MCC has a stronger effect on the crystallinity degree than NFC filler. PBS disintegrated under composting conditions in a period of 75 days. The NFC/MCC addition facilitated the specimens’ decomposition rate up to 60 days |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:46:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-40372a3fe41549a792923183ccb2ee30 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:46:17Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-40372a3fe41549a792923183ccb2ee302023-11-20T05:29:26ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602020-06-01127147210.3390/polym12071472Bio-Based Poly(butylene succinate)/Microcrystalline Cellulose/Nanofibrillated Cellulose-Based Sustainable Polymer Composites: Thermo-Mechanical and Biodegradation StudiesOskars Platnieks0Sergejs Gaidukovs1Anda Barkane2Aleksandrs Sereda3Gerda Gaidukova4Liga Grase5Vijay Kumar Thakur6Inese Filipova7Velta Fridrihsone8Marite Skute9Marianna Laka10Institute of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P.Valdena 3/7, LV, 1048 Riga, LatviaInstitute of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P.Valdena 3/7, LV, 1048 Riga, LatviaInstitute of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P.Valdena 3/7, LV, 1048 Riga, LatviaInstitute of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P.Valdena 3/7, LV, 1048 Riga, LatviaInstitute of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P.Valdena 3/7, LV, 1048 Riga, LatviaInstitute of Silicate Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P.Valdena 3/7, LV, 1048 Riga, LatviaBiorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UKLatvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, LV, 1006 Riga, LatviaLatvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, LV, 1006 Riga, LatviaLatvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, LV, 1006 Riga, LatviaLatvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, LV, 1006 Riga, LatviaBiodegradable polymer composites from renewable resources are the next-generation of wood-like materials and are crucial for the development of various industries to meet sustainability goals. Functional applications like packaging, medicine, automotive, construction and sustainable housing are just some that would greatly benefit. Some of the existing industries, like wood plastic composites, already encompass given examples but are dominated by fossil-based polymers that are unsustainable. Thus, there is a background to bring a new perspective approach for the combination of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) fillers in bio-based poly (butylene succinate) matrix (PBS). MCC, NFC and MCC/NFC filler total loading at 40 wt % was used to obtain more insights for wood-like composite applications. The ability to tailor the biodegradable characteristics and the mechanical properties of PBS composites is indispensable for extended applications. Five compositions have been prepared with MCC and NFC fillers using melt blending approach. Young’s modulus in tensile test mode and storage modulus at 20 °C in thermo-mechanical analysis have increased about two-fold. Thermal degradation temperature was increased by approximately 60 °C compared to MCC and NFC. Additionally, to estimate the compatibility of the components and morphology of the composite’s SEM analysis was performed for fractured surfaces. The contact angle measurements testified the developed matrix interphase. Differential scanning calorimetry evidenced the trans-crystallization of the polymer after filler incorporation; the crystallization temperature shifted to the higher temperature region. The MCC has a stronger effect on the crystallinity degree than NFC filler. PBS disintegrated under composting conditions in a period of 75 days. The NFC/MCC addition facilitated the specimens’ decomposition rate up to 60 dayshttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/7/1472biopolymersustainable compositesthermo-mechanical propertiesmelt processingwood plastic compositebiodegradability |
| spellingShingle | Oskars Platnieks Sergejs Gaidukovs Anda Barkane Aleksandrs Sereda Gerda Gaidukova Liga Grase Vijay Kumar Thakur Inese Filipova Velta Fridrihsone Marite Skute Marianna Laka Bio-Based Poly(butylene succinate)/Microcrystalline Cellulose/Nanofibrillated Cellulose-Based Sustainable Polymer Composites: Thermo-Mechanical and Biodegradation Studies Polymers biopolymer sustainable composites thermo-mechanical properties melt processing wood plastic composite biodegradability |
| title | Bio-Based Poly(butylene succinate)/Microcrystalline Cellulose/Nanofibrillated Cellulose-Based Sustainable Polymer Composites: Thermo-Mechanical and Biodegradation Studies |
| title_full | Bio-Based Poly(butylene succinate)/Microcrystalline Cellulose/Nanofibrillated Cellulose-Based Sustainable Polymer Composites: Thermo-Mechanical and Biodegradation Studies |
| title_fullStr | Bio-Based Poly(butylene succinate)/Microcrystalline Cellulose/Nanofibrillated Cellulose-Based Sustainable Polymer Composites: Thermo-Mechanical and Biodegradation Studies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bio-Based Poly(butylene succinate)/Microcrystalline Cellulose/Nanofibrillated Cellulose-Based Sustainable Polymer Composites: Thermo-Mechanical and Biodegradation Studies |
| title_short | Bio-Based Poly(butylene succinate)/Microcrystalline Cellulose/Nanofibrillated Cellulose-Based Sustainable Polymer Composites: Thermo-Mechanical and Biodegradation Studies |
| title_sort | bio based poly butylene succinate microcrystalline cellulose nanofibrillated cellulose based sustainable polymer composites thermo mechanical and biodegradation studies |
| topic | biopolymer sustainable composites thermo-mechanical properties melt processing wood plastic composite biodegradability |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/7/1472 |
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