Shedding light on weight loss: A narrative review of medications for treating obesity
Obesity and overweight are the major risk factors for numerous chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases such as heart disease and stroke, which are the leading causes of death worldwide. The prevalence of obesity has dramatically risen in both developed and developing countries, making it...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Sciendo
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Romanian Journal of Internal Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.2478/rjim-2023-0023 |
| _version_ | 1797246582268100608 |
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| author | Darapaneni Haritha Lakhanpal Samridhi Chhayani Hiren Parikh Kinna Patel Meet Gupta Vasu Anamika Fnu Munjal Ripudaman Jain Rohit |
| author_facet | Darapaneni Haritha Lakhanpal Samridhi Chhayani Hiren Parikh Kinna Patel Meet Gupta Vasu Anamika Fnu Munjal Ripudaman Jain Rohit |
| author_sort | Darapaneni Haritha |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Obesity and overweight are the major risk factors for numerous chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases such as heart disease and stroke, which are the leading causes of death worldwide. The prevalence of obesity has dramatically risen in both developed and developing countries, making it a significant public health concern and a global crisis. Despite lifestyle modifications being the first-line treatment, the high risk of relapse has led to a growing interest in non-invasive pharmacotherapeutic interventions to achieve and maintain weight loss and reverse the growth of the obesity epidemic. Cardiovascular diseases and cancer account for the highest mortality rates among other comorbidities associated with obesity and overweight. Excess and abnormally deposited adipose tissue secretes various inflammatory mediators, leading to cardiovascular diseases and cancers. Weight loss of 5–10% significantly reduces cardiometabolic risk. Medications currently approved in the USA for long-term management of obesity are orlistat, naltrexone, bupropion, phentermine/topiramate, and Glucagon Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists such as liraglutide and semaglutide. The benefit-to-risk of medications, comorbidities, and individual responses should guide the treatment decisions. The article provides a comprehensive overview and discussion of several weight loss medications used previously and currently, including their efficacy, mechanisms of action, and side effects. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T19:45:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4037416435894542a4e0324b6b5fbf14 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2501-062X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T19:45:05Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | Sciendo |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Romanian Journal of Internal Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-4037416435894542a4e0324b6b5fbf142024-03-25T07:30:44ZengSciendoRomanian Journal of Internal Medicine2501-062X2024-03-0162131110.2478/rjim-2023-0023Shedding light on weight loss: A narrative review of medications for treating obesityDarapaneni Haritha0Lakhanpal Samridhi1Chhayani Hiren2Parikh Kinna3Patel Meet4Gupta Vasu5Anamika Fnu6Munjal Ripudaman7Jain Rohit8N.T.R.U.H.S. Government Guntur Medical college, Guntur, IndiaGovernment Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab, IndiaG.M.E.R.S. Medical College, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, IndiaG.M.E.R.S. Medical College, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, IndiaTianjin Medical University, Tianjin, ChinaDayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, IndiaUniversity College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IndiaSan Joaquin General hospital, French Camp, CA, USAPenn state Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, USAObesity and overweight are the major risk factors for numerous chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases such as heart disease and stroke, which are the leading causes of death worldwide. The prevalence of obesity has dramatically risen in both developed and developing countries, making it a significant public health concern and a global crisis. Despite lifestyle modifications being the first-line treatment, the high risk of relapse has led to a growing interest in non-invasive pharmacotherapeutic interventions to achieve and maintain weight loss and reverse the growth of the obesity epidemic. Cardiovascular diseases and cancer account for the highest mortality rates among other comorbidities associated with obesity and overweight. Excess and abnormally deposited adipose tissue secretes various inflammatory mediators, leading to cardiovascular diseases and cancers. Weight loss of 5–10% significantly reduces cardiometabolic risk. Medications currently approved in the USA for long-term management of obesity are orlistat, naltrexone, bupropion, phentermine/topiramate, and Glucagon Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists such as liraglutide and semaglutide. The benefit-to-risk of medications, comorbidities, and individual responses should guide the treatment decisions. The article provides a comprehensive overview and discussion of several weight loss medications used previously and currently, including their efficacy, mechanisms of action, and side effects.https://doi.org/10.2478/rjim-2023-0023cardiovascular diseasesobesityweight loss medicationscanceratherosclerosis |
| spellingShingle | Darapaneni Haritha Lakhanpal Samridhi Chhayani Hiren Parikh Kinna Patel Meet Gupta Vasu Anamika Fnu Munjal Ripudaman Jain Rohit Shedding light on weight loss: A narrative review of medications for treating obesity Romanian Journal of Internal Medicine cardiovascular diseases obesity weight loss medications cancer atherosclerosis |
| title | Shedding light on weight loss: A narrative review of medications for treating obesity |
| title_full | Shedding light on weight loss: A narrative review of medications for treating obesity |
| title_fullStr | Shedding light on weight loss: A narrative review of medications for treating obesity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Shedding light on weight loss: A narrative review of medications for treating obesity |
| title_short | Shedding light on weight loss: A narrative review of medications for treating obesity |
| title_sort | shedding light on weight loss a narrative review of medications for treating obesity |
| topic | cardiovascular diseases obesity weight loss medications cancer atherosclerosis |
| url | https://doi.org/10.2478/rjim-2023-0023 |
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