High-Surface-Area Mesoporous Activated Carbon from Hemp Bast Fiber Using Hydrothermal Processing
Synthesis of activated carbon from waste biomass is of current interest towards sustainability. The properties of biomass-derived activated carbon largely depend on the carbonization process. This study reports the preparation of mesoporous activated carbon with extremely high surface area from hemp...
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MDPI AG
2018-06-01
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2311-5629/4/3/38 |
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| author | Md Zakir Hossain Wei Wu William Z. Xu Muhammad B. I. Chowdhury Anil Kumar Jhawar Devin Machin Paul A. Charpentier |
| author_facet | Md Zakir Hossain Wei Wu William Z. Xu Muhammad B. I. Chowdhury Anil Kumar Jhawar Devin Machin Paul A. Charpentier |
| author_sort | Md Zakir Hossain |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Synthesis of activated carbon from waste biomass is of current interest towards sustainability. The properties of biomass-derived activated carbon largely depend on the carbonization process. This study reports the preparation of mesoporous activated carbon with extremely high surface area from hemp bast fiber using hydrothermal processing. Hot water processing (390–500 °C) followed by activation using KOH and NaOH was investigated at different mass ratios. The described approach was found to enhance the mesoporosity (centered at 3.0 to 4.5 nm) of the hemp-derived activated carbon (HAC) from activation [confirmed by BJH (Barrett-Joyner-Halenda) pore size distribution and TEM (transmission electron microscopy) imaging]. BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) results showed that the product has an extremely high surface area (2425 m2/g) while the surface functional groups (–OH, –COOH, C=C/C–C) were confirmed by FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) and further quantified by XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy). Increasing KOH concentration was found to enhance the surface area with a maximum biochar-to-KOH (g/g) ratio of 1:3. The crystallite domain size of HAC was determined using Raman spectroscopy of different wavelengths. The procedure described in this study is an environmentally friendly scalable route for the mass production of activated carbon using hemp fiber. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T17:14:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-403c271eb3d4469282c39d399b5c1346 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-5629 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T17:14:28Z |
| publishDate | 2018-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| spelling | doaj.art-403c271eb3d4469282c39d399b5c13462022-12-22T02:38:09ZengMDPI AGC2311-56292018-06-01433810.3390/c4030038c4030038High-Surface-Area Mesoporous Activated Carbon from Hemp Bast Fiber Using Hydrothermal ProcessingMd Zakir Hossain0Wei Wu1William Z. Xu2Muhammad B. I. Chowdhury3Anil Kumar Jhawar4Devin Machin5Paul A. Charpentier6Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, CanadaDepartment of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, CanadaDepartment of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, CanadaDepartment of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, CanadaDepartment of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, CanadaDepartment of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, CanadaDepartment of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, CanadaSynthesis of activated carbon from waste biomass is of current interest towards sustainability. The properties of biomass-derived activated carbon largely depend on the carbonization process. This study reports the preparation of mesoporous activated carbon with extremely high surface area from hemp bast fiber using hydrothermal processing. Hot water processing (390–500 °C) followed by activation using KOH and NaOH was investigated at different mass ratios. The described approach was found to enhance the mesoporosity (centered at 3.0 to 4.5 nm) of the hemp-derived activated carbon (HAC) from activation [confirmed by BJH (Barrett-Joyner-Halenda) pore size distribution and TEM (transmission electron microscopy) imaging]. BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) results showed that the product has an extremely high surface area (2425 m2/g) while the surface functional groups (–OH, –COOH, C=C/C–C) were confirmed by FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) and further quantified by XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy). Increasing KOH concentration was found to enhance the surface area with a maximum biochar-to-KOH (g/g) ratio of 1:3. The crystallite domain size of HAC was determined using Raman spectroscopy of different wavelengths. The procedure described in this study is an environmentally friendly scalable route for the mass production of activated carbon using hemp fiber.http://www.mdpi.com/2311-5629/4/3/38hemp bast fiberhydrothermal processingKOH activationactivated carbon |
| spellingShingle | Md Zakir Hossain Wei Wu William Z. Xu Muhammad B. I. Chowdhury Anil Kumar Jhawar Devin Machin Paul A. Charpentier High-Surface-Area Mesoporous Activated Carbon from Hemp Bast Fiber Using Hydrothermal Processing C hemp bast fiber hydrothermal processing KOH activation activated carbon |
| title | High-Surface-Area Mesoporous Activated Carbon from Hemp Bast Fiber Using Hydrothermal Processing |
| title_full | High-Surface-Area Mesoporous Activated Carbon from Hemp Bast Fiber Using Hydrothermal Processing |
| title_fullStr | High-Surface-Area Mesoporous Activated Carbon from Hemp Bast Fiber Using Hydrothermal Processing |
| title_full_unstemmed | High-Surface-Area Mesoporous Activated Carbon from Hemp Bast Fiber Using Hydrothermal Processing |
| title_short | High-Surface-Area Mesoporous Activated Carbon from Hemp Bast Fiber Using Hydrothermal Processing |
| title_sort | high surface area mesoporous activated carbon from hemp bast fiber using hydrothermal processing |
| topic | hemp bast fiber hydrothermal processing KOH activation activated carbon |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2311-5629/4/3/38 |
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