| Summary: | <i>Pleurotremataceae</i> species are saprobes on decaying wood in terrestrial, mangrove, and freshwater habitats. The generic boundary of the family has traditionally been based on morphology. All genera of <i>Pleurotremataceae</i> have a high degree of morphological overlap, of which the generic circumscription of <i>Melomastia</i> and <i>Dyfrolomyces</i> has not been well resolved. Thus, the delimitation of genera has always been challenging. <i>Melomastia</i> traditionally differs from <i>Dyfrolomyces</i> in having 2-septate, oblong, with obtuse-ends ascospores. These main characteristics have been used to distinguish <i>Melomastia</i> from <i>Dyfrolomyces</i> for a long time. However, the above characteristics sometimes overlap among <i>Dyfrolomyces</i> and <i>Melomastia</i> species. Based on the morphology and multigene phylogeny with newly obtained data, we synonymized <i>Dyfrolomyces</i> under <i>Melomastia</i> following up-to-date results. Four novel species (i.e., <i>Melomastia fusispora</i>, <i>M. oleae</i>, <i>M. sichuanensis</i> and <i>M. winteri</i>) collected from the dead branches of <i>Olea europaea</i> L. in Chengdu Olive Base, Sichuan Province in China are introduced based on detailed morphological characterization and phylogenetic analyses of sequences based on nuclear ribosomal (LSU and SSU) and protein-coding gene (<i>tef1-α</i>). The 11 new combinations proposed are <i>Melomastia aquatica</i> (=<i>Dyfrolomyces aquaticus</i>), <i>M. chromolaenae</i> (=<i>D. chromolaenae</i>), <i>M. distoseptata</i> (=<i>D. distoseptatus</i>), <i>M. mangrovei</i> (=<i>D. mangrovei</i>), <i>M. marinospora</i> (=<i>D. marinosporus</i>), <i>M. neothailandica</i> (=<i>D. neothailandicus</i>), <i>M. phetchaburiensis</i> (=<i>D. phetchaburiensis</i>), <i>M. sinensis</i> (=<i>D. sinensis</i>), <i>M. thailandica</i> (=<i>D. thailandica</i>), <i>M. thamplaensis</i> (=<i>D. thamplaensis</i>) and <i>M. tiomanensis (</i>=<i>D. tiomanensis)</i>.
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