Association Between Hypertension and New-Onset Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Chinese Non-Obese People: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Dezhi Yang,1,* Jing Lan,2,* Ji Cen,3,* Yong Han,4– 6 Haofei Hu6– 8 1Department of Cardiology Second Ward, Hechi People’s Hospital, Hechi, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Gastroenterology, Hechi People’s Hospital, Hechi, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Ne...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Dove Medical Press
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.dovepress.com/association-between-hypertension-and-new-onset-non-alcoholic-fatty-liv-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-DMSO |
| _version_ | 1811169538487615488 |
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| author | Yang D Lan J Cen J Han Y Hu H |
| author_facet | Yang D Lan J Cen J Han Y Hu H |
| author_sort | Yang D |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Dezhi Yang,1,* Jing Lan,2,* Ji Cen,3,* Yong Han,4– 6 Haofei Hu6– 8 1Department of Cardiology Second Ward, Hechi People’s Hospital, Hechi, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Gastroenterology, Hechi People’s Hospital, Hechi, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Nephrology, Hechi People’s Hospital, Hechi, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Emergency, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China; 6Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China; 7Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China; 8Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yong Han, Department of Emergency, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, No. 3002 Sungang Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-755-83366388, Email hanyong511023@163.com Haofei Hu, Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, No. 3002 Sungang Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-755-83366388, Email huhaofei0319@126.comBackground: Quantification of the relationship between hypertension and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) risk is limited and controversial. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between hypertension and NAFLD in non-obese Chinese and to use different methods to demonstrate that hypertension is an independent risk factor for NAFLD.Methods: On 16,153 nonobese individuals, a retrospective cohort study was conducted in China to examine the impact of hypertension on incident NAFLD. We compared five methods: multivariable Cox proportional-hazards regression, propensity score-matched (PSM) analysis, propensity score adjustment method (considering the propensity score as a covariate in a multivariable Cox proportional-hazard regression), and two propensity score-based weighted methods-The first one estimated the hypertension effect in the overall study population-inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTW), the other in the hypertensive population-standardized mortality ratio (SMR) weights. We also used a genetic matching (GenMatch) algorithm to match the participants for sensitive analysis.Results: Between 2010 and 2014, 16,153 participants met our inclusion criteria, including 2427 (15.03%) with hypertension. A total of 2321 (14.37%) participants developed NAFLD during the median follow-up of 2.98 years. The crude hazard ratio (HR) between hypertension and incident NAFLD was 2.05 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.87, 2.25). The adjusted HR depended on the different methods, ranging from 1.09 (95% CI: 0.77, 1.23) for the PSM method to 2.24 (95% CI: 2.05, 2.44) for the SMR weighted analysis. Hypertensive participants with high propensity scores had a higher risk of developing NAFLD in the future. Excluding participants with propensity scores < 8% yielded comparable hazard ratios with a narrower range, from 1.04 to 1.80. After adjusting for the confounding variables, the relationship also existed in the GenMatch cohort as a sensitivity analysis (HR=1.06, 95% CI 1.01– 1.13).Conclusion: Hypertension is a significant cause of NAFLD in Chinese adults in non-obese Chinese adults, with the hazard ratio ranging from 1.09 to 2.24.Keywords: hypertension, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, propensity-score matching, standardized-mortality-ratio weights, inverse probability of treatment weights |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T16:44:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-405128835bea46348f8f5f38a4cef698 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1178-7007 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T16:44:10Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | Dove Medical Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity |
| spelling | doaj.art-405128835bea46348f8f5f38a4cef6982023-02-08T01:41:53ZengDove Medical PressDiabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity1178-70072023-02-01Volume 1634536381501Association Between Hypertension and New-Onset Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Chinese Non-Obese People: A Longitudinal Cohort StudyYang DLan JCen JHan YHu HDezhi Yang,1,* Jing Lan,2,* Ji Cen,3,* Yong Han,4– 6 Haofei Hu6– 8 1Department of Cardiology Second Ward, Hechi People’s Hospital, Hechi, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Gastroenterology, Hechi People’s Hospital, Hechi, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Nephrology, Hechi People’s Hospital, Hechi, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Emergency, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China; 6Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China; 7Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China; 8Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yong Han, Department of Emergency, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, No. 3002 Sungang Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-755-83366388, Email hanyong511023@163.com Haofei Hu, Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, No. 3002 Sungang Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-755-83366388, Email huhaofei0319@126.comBackground: Quantification of the relationship between hypertension and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) risk is limited and controversial. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between hypertension and NAFLD in non-obese Chinese and to use different methods to demonstrate that hypertension is an independent risk factor for NAFLD.Methods: On 16,153 nonobese individuals, a retrospective cohort study was conducted in China to examine the impact of hypertension on incident NAFLD. We compared five methods: multivariable Cox proportional-hazards regression, propensity score-matched (PSM) analysis, propensity score adjustment method (considering the propensity score as a covariate in a multivariable Cox proportional-hazard regression), and two propensity score-based weighted methods-The first one estimated the hypertension effect in the overall study population-inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTW), the other in the hypertensive population-standardized mortality ratio (SMR) weights. We also used a genetic matching (GenMatch) algorithm to match the participants for sensitive analysis.Results: Between 2010 and 2014, 16,153 participants met our inclusion criteria, including 2427 (15.03%) with hypertension. A total of 2321 (14.37%) participants developed NAFLD during the median follow-up of 2.98 years. The crude hazard ratio (HR) between hypertension and incident NAFLD was 2.05 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.87, 2.25). The adjusted HR depended on the different methods, ranging from 1.09 (95% CI: 0.77, 1.23) for the PSM method to 2.24 (95% CI: 2.05, 2.44) for the SMR weighted analysis. Hypertensive participants with high propensity scores had a higher risk of developing NAFLD in the future. Excluding participants with propensity scores < 8% yielded comparable hazard ratios with a narrower range, from 1.04 to 1.80. After adjusting for the confounding variables, the relationship also existed in the GenMatch cohort as a sensitivity analysis (HR=1.06, 95% CI 1.01– 1.13).Conclusion: Hypertension is a significant cause of NAFLD in Chinese adults in non-obese Chinese adults, with the hazard ratio ranging from 1.09 to 2.24.Keywords: hypertension, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, propensity-score matching, standardized-mortality-ratio weights, inverse probability of treatment weightshttps://www.dovepress.com/association-between-hypertension-and-new-onset-non-alcoholic-fatty-liv-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-DMSOhypertensionnon-alcoholic fatty liver diseasepropensity-score matchingstandardized-mortality-ratio weightsinverse probability of treatment weights |
| spellingShingle | Yang D Lan J Cen J Han Y Hu H Association Between Hypertension and New-Onset Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Chinese Non-Obese People: A Longitudinal Cohort Study Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity hypertension non-alcoholic fatty liver disease propensity-score matching standardized-mortality-ratio weights inverse probability of treatment weights |
| title | Association Between Hypertension and New-Onset Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Chinese Non-Obese People: A Longitudinal Cohort Study |
| title_full | Association Between Hypertension and New-Onset Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Chinese Non-Obese People: A Longitudinal Cohort Study |
| title_fullStr | Association Between Hypertension and New-Onset Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Chinese Non-Obese People: A Longitudinal Cohort Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association Between Hypertension and New-Onset Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Chinese Non-Obese People: A Longitudinal Cohort Study |
| title_short | Association Between Hypertension and New-Onset Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Chinese Non-Obese People: A Longitudinal Cohort Study |
| title_sort | association between hypertension and new onset non alcoholic fatty liver disease in chinese non obese people a longitudinal cohort study |
| topic | hypertension non-alcoholic fatty liver disease propensity-score matching standardized-mortality-ratio weights inverse probability of treatment weights |
| url | https://www.dovepress.com/association-between-hypertension-and-new-onset-non-alcoholic-fatty-liv-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-DMSO |
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